Describe and evaluate two approaches to the treatment of Essay

Describe and evaluate two approaches to the treatment of self-defeating behaviour - Essay Example Thus eventually it results in failure in accomplishing the said objective which amounts to individual frustration. The event of losing confidence culminates in the failure of each of the different tasks taken by such person even if one possesses the optimum potency in completing the desired task. Psychologists have outlined some basic traits which help them to understand the emergence of the Self-Defeating Syndrome. Persons with such syndromes would try to evade the final completion of any particular task undertaken by him or her. These people generally feel outweighed by the amount of tasks entrusted on them which leads to tension and frustration. The losing of trust over oneself makes the persons deny any possible suggestions rendered by other people to help in the solving of the task. These people behave pessimistically and thus happen to fall short of meeting tasks on time. All such above factors make the person take resort to addictions to reduce the amount of frustration in the m and create a vicious environment. Continuous negative behavioral impulses like lack of attention or lack of proper attendance results in loss of work. (Merriment, n.d.). Origins and Causes of Self-Defeating Behaviour Psychologists state many reasons that lead to the emergence of Self Defeating Behavior Syndrome. ... This sense of inferiority developed in their minds amounts to making them all the more depressed and outweighs their potency. Further the lowering of their self confidence also greatly impacts their interpersonal skills which socially exclude them from their external environment. The factors of social exclusion limit the interactive sphere of the people which thereby amounts to events like severe depression and frustration. The people suffering from this psychiatric syndrome also reflect a negative belief about other people dwelling in the external environment. This amounts to restraining oneself from mixing with others which again amounts in increasing the element of frustration in them. High amount of social exclusion in these patients makes the people get outdated about the different social developments taking place resulting in loss of efficiency and competency. (Slusher & Anderson, 1989, pp. 11-14). The increase in the element of frustration and depression among individuals in d ifferent countries has made them to increasingly take resort to things like drug and alcohol to reduce the effect of the tensions. However, in the other way round taking increased resort to such objects make them feel more defeated and decreases their potencies. (Gallozzi, n.d.). In addition to the above factors some previous psychological effects also lead to the emergence of Self-Defeating Behavior among individuals. Psychologists observe that certain traumatic factors affecting early childhood of different individuals amount to create a mental blockage in their minds for which they exhibit the lack of confidence in their activities and also in mingling with other individuals. Early childhood trauma restricts the personality growth and development of the individuals

Case study on violence Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

On violence - Case Study Example Violence has many categories and has detrimental effects within society that continues to be the focal point of discussion. The use of pressure and abusing power itself is violence and is associated with psychology, retaliation, hatred and other human emotion. One cannot ignore the fact that violence is a decompression of an event that dynamically impacted an individual. This paper will discuss many aspects of violence with key insights and new details based on comprehensive research. In order to acknowledge and understand the true essence of violence, one must understand the root cause of violence. Violence is an issue that is directly associated with emotion and mental health of an individual. Behavioral violence is defined by a force of physical aggressive behavior against another person. In fact, scientist agrees that violence is embedded in humans. Since the dawn of mankind, humans engaged in acts of violence as they would hunt for food and seek shelter. Although some might thin k that in certain scenarios, violence is essential. For instance, primitive humans exerted violence to capture their prey for the needs of surviving. Violence according to many experts can be a critical component of adaptive nature and survival. However, it is clear that violence exerts beyond the traditional methods of survival. A prime example of this is retaliation from a particular incident that had a dramatic effect on psyche of a person. In a midst of a heated moment, violence can be exerted due to rage, anger and fury. Interestingly enough, most people at times acknowledge that they were at fault for conducting this type of behavior. Another key aspect of violence sometimes is used for confidence and pride. Many individuals exert violence sometimes to fulfill their ego and to keep an â€Å"alpha dog† reputation which enables them to achieve a superiority complex. In fact, the â€Å"alpha male personality† image is often brought up in discussions of the notion of human violence. Dale Peterson and Richard Wrangham in â€Å"Demonic Males: Apes and the Origins of Human Violence† conclude that violence in human is embedded. The evolutionary correlation is made from the ancestral ape violent behavior to modern humans. Undoubtedly, the factors characteristics with violence are broad and can be mixed of several other factors. Violence is also associated with propagating cause and is used for justification for a certain outcome. For instance, radical groups utilize violence in order to maintain the conservative norms of society and refute liberal change. Although this is not done out of pain or retaliation, it is used as a threat to implement a purpose that they seek. The Crusaders were the prime examples of aggressors that exerted violence to an extreme means. The environmental surrounding of children raised in a safe environment also plays a critical role. Clearly, the effects of a safe harboring environment in which children are nurtured yields a child less likely to conduct crime. A child that lacks the mutual connection with his parent is more likely to commit crimes. Many children who do not receive this attention often get involved in gangs to fulfill the need of belonging. The young generation in today’s society is the focal point of this conclusive study. Youth violence undoubtedly has sparked much attention as it has become an uncontrollable. Research indicates that around 34% of the offenders arrested for federal charges were under the age of 21 according

Correction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Correction - Essay Example oad majority of civil rights granted by the Bill of Rights and other fundamental determinants of United States law must be upheld in both the case of the general population and prisoners. One of the first and most important of these rights is with relation to the eighth amendment. In short, the eighth amendment prohibits the United States government from posting excessive bail or utilizing â€Å"cruel or unusual punishment† as a means of punishing/rehabilitating a particular criminal offense. This is perhaps the most important right and privilege of all as it was further defined by the Supreme Court in 1848 to preclude any form of inhumane treatment; of two and inclusive of those inhumane treatments that might not be capital in nature. This understanding has been upheld by subsequent courts such as the supreme court of Massachusetts which found that the state had violated the Eighth Amendment by keeping prisoners in an antiquated prison infested with rodents and insects (Owers, 2010). Although not specified within the Bill of Rights or elsewhere throughout the law, it is generally understood and upheld by the Supreme Court, and other courts for that matter, that prisoners should have the reasonable expectation of being free from abuse and/or exploitation; referenced in a 1996 Supreme Court case in which sexually abused female inmates were allowed a monetary payout as a result of a systemic program of abuse in one Missouri prison

Google Searching Essay Example for Free

Google Searching Essay Searching for information on Google is like trying to find a needle in a haystack. Is that true? Google was founded by Larry Page and Sergey Brin in 1998. They got its name from the mathematical term googol (a number that has a one followed by a hundred zeros. The intention of Goggle was to help control the all the information on the web. That being said they have made searching for information pretty easy to navigate. All someone has to do is type in a word or phrase and the information is there instantly. It has convience over the conventional library of the 19th century. You are often on time restraints while using the library and only have limited resources. As technology grows searching for information becomes more efficient and less time consuming. How is searching in a specific database, such as Ashford Library different from searching in Bing, Google, or Yahoo? Roughly 1.46 billion people use the internet. (Mark D. Bowles, Introduction to Computer Literacy,p.6.4). Just in the U.S. there are 2.27 million users, which is 75% of the population. The main difference is the type of database each search engines uses. Ashford Library is a proprietary database in which only those who belong to the institution can benefit . Google and the others are a public domain database which means anyone has access to them. In my opinion the two are totally different. One is for a specific group while the other is open to everyone.

Selfishness Victor Frankenstein

Selfishness Victor Frankenstein In Frankenstein, both the film and novel portray Victor as a selfish character who is only concerned about his own well-being. In Frankenstein by Mary Shelley, Victor is completely focused on creating human life and does not care that he is hurting his family, Elizabeth and the monster. The same is true in the film, what looks like a self-less act on Victors end by creating a wife for the monster he really wants to keep Elizabeth for himself when he brings her back to life after the monster kills her. The film by Kenneth Branagh and the novel both accentuate how irresponsible Victors character as he withholds information from his family and does not tell the truth to prevent Justine from being executed for a murder she did not commit. Both texts juxtapose Victors character with his monsters character as he helps out a family as he teaches himself how to read. We see how unselfish the monster is compared to Victor. (Fix after and add a quote from source) First of all, Frankenstein created the monster so he could manipulate the power of life, not to learn from the experience. He started the experience out of his own self indulgence as ignores his family back in Geneva. He is so immersed in his studies fascinated by the creation of life as he studies what the human body is made up of and how it falls apart. At first it appears that he is just an enthusiastic scholar, but later we learn that Victor has been going to gravesites collecting corpses to bring life to human parts which were once deceased. Victor completely disengages from the world when away at school after his mother dies of scarlet fever which he did not take very well. It is so long before the mind can persuade itself that she, whom we saw everyday, and whose very existence appeared a part of our own, can have departed for everà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦why should I describe the sorrow which all have felt.(Shelley 43) He completely devotes himself to creating this masterpiece still in pain over the death of his mother becomes obsessed neglecting the loved ones who are still alive as he becomes pale and lonely obsessed completely with the task. It is not until he experiences the pain of death that he is driven to try and control it. He wants new knowledge so that he can prevent himself from dying, to discover how to be immortal as he spends many sleepless nights in order to bring life to his monster. In the novel, each time one of his teachers show Victor something new he works hard to master it which is why it appears that he is just an excited student, whereas in the film Victors professors forbid him to talk about reviving human life. In the film it is clear what Victor is after so we are not surprised when he creates the monster since his obsession is obvious. As Lunsford argues: Victor has no real friendships when he goes to university and begins his quest for enlightenment. Although Victor says he will have to form [his] own friends in Ingolstadt, he never does, at least not in the traditional sense. Instead, he latches onto the prospect of his reputation and resolves to enter the worldà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ which of course leads him to literally form his own friend-the monster (Lunsford) Secondly, once he finally succeeds at creating the monster he immediately runs away, claiming that he was protecting his life which adds to his selfishness. In reality, he is disgusted by the sight of his creation so he abandons it leaving it all alone in the world without any guidance and runs away to the next room. So not only is Victor selfish but he is shallow as well: I saw the dull yellow eye of the creature openà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦[h]is limbs were in proportion, and I had selected his features as beautiful. Beautiful! Great God! His yellow skin scarcely covered the world of muscles and arteries beneathà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦I had worked hard for nearly two years, for the sole purpose of infusing life into an inanimate bodyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦but now that I had finished the beauty of the dream vanished, and breathless horror and disgust filled my heart. Unable to endure the aspect of the being I had created.(Shelley 57). Instead of realizing that he achieved his goal of bringing life to an inanimate body he runs way because of how hideous it is. As Hatch points out, even Walton is repulsed by the monsters appearance Never did I behold a vision so horrible as his face, of such loathsome, yet appalling hideousness. I shut my eyes involuntarily (Shelley 240). Fear and disgust are mixed in these reactions, but what is stressed is disgust. ( Hatch 35). Since the monster is so hideous Victor avoids any responsibility of caring or nurturing the (Hatch)monster like a father would have to, and he leaves his creation to fend for itself. He was so obsessed with creating life that he does not imagine what the final product will look like, he is blinded by his passion. Since the creature is reborn he is unable to care for himself similar to a young child and Victor disowning him forces him to figure out how to act on his own. As Lunsford points out, Upon discovering the secret to reanimating dead corpses, Victor endeavours to create a being like himself.( Lunsford) Victor is also very rude to his monster after the creature kills a few of his family member which I feel he deserved. He encounters his creature and instantly threats him calling him a [d]evil and vile insect(Shelley 99) that must stay away or be trampled to dust. Instead of apologizing for abandoning the creature he threatens him creating more anger. The monster replies explaining how he feels in a world that hates him: All men hate the wretched; how, then, must I be hated, who am miserable beyond all living things! Yet you, my creator, detest and spurn me(Shelley 99). A speech which would create some sympathy makes Victor even angrier which proves how selfish he really is. All he wants to do is kill the monster, forget he even exists, to rewrite his wrong. As Victor tries to erase his past he constantly withholds information or lies about his creation. This is shown in the film when he tells Elizabeth he must go away again to please the monster so he will leave Victor alone. Elizabeth objects wanting to marry Victor right away in the film, whereas in the novel throughout the text he continues to take Elizabeth for granted. Victor postpones the date of their union as he assumes she will comply. He uses Elizabeth whenever he feels like it expecting that she will marry him when he returns to Geneva which is emphasized in the film. Elizabeth suggests that Victor has changed and wants to know the secret he has been hiding which gives her character more depth in the film. In the novel she does not have much of a say for the decision must be approved by Victors father who insists he bring Henry along. He lies to his father requesting a trip to England before he marries Elizabeth. I expressed a wish to visit England; but, concealing the true r easons of this request, I clothed my desires under a guise which excited no suspicion (Shelley 152) Victor lies and also omits information that would explain the events which took since the monster was created. Withholding information occurs quite frequently especially concerning his family members deaths. When William is killed and he suspects the monster, he says nothing. Later when Justine is arrested, he once again keeps quiet about his creation. She is later found guilty and executed, he does nothing to stop the execution. What is more selfish then letting an innocent girl die for someone elses crime? In the film Victor does not speak up to save the life of Justine, the housekeeper, whereas in novel he tells his family that she is innocent but is too afraid to announce it publicly assuming evidence would surface that she has been wrongfully accused. My dear father, you are mistaken; Justine is innocentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦I had no fear, therefore, that any circumstantial evidence co uld be brought forward strong enough to convict her. My tale was not one to announce publicly; its astounding horror would be looked upon as madness (Shelly 81). Victor first of all assumes that her name will be cleared, and he had many chances to speak up to save the life of Justine by telling the truth about the monster he created, instead he wallows in guilt. Instead of saving the life of the housekeeper who has already been through so much, he keeps his secret to maintain his good image. Not only does Victor keep the creature a secret, but destroys the female companion he creates preventing the monster from being happy like he is with Elizabeth. He destroys the monster because he realizes that creating a second monster may lead to further problems, or pain to him. Later in the text, Victor begins to be less selfish as he accepts the revenge of the monster, rather than finding someone else to blame he accepts responsibility for what has happened. Victor is very irresponsible which make it reasonable to label him as selfish in his motivations.   First of all, he uses the information he learns at the University of Ingolstadt  to create the monster, a forbidden experiment in the film because of the consequences which Victor does not consider. Even though he experiences tragic events he continues to pursue experiments and knowledge which have already been proven to be destructive. As well, when he succeeds at creating the monster he runs away abandoning his creation taking no responsibility for him at all. Lunsford argues another important point: [T]he novel reads as the story of a man who at every turn is given the opportunity to put the lives of others before himself. Immediately upon animating the monster, Victor becomes overwhelmed by the physical repulsiveness of the life he has created and flees from the very thing over which he has toiled for two years. This speaks to Victors unwillingness to deal with his creation as a living being. Perhaps if Victor had valued the life he created-and helped the monster at this critical moment-he would have prevented most of the devastation that follows. But he fears what people will think of him for creating a monstrosity and abandons his creation at the moment it enters the world, thus preserving his reputation but placing his family at risk. (Lunsford) As the monster begins to murder his family he continues ignore the evil he is responsible for. After Victor destroys the monsters chance of happiness, the creature threatens him vowing to be with him on his wedding day to seek his revenge. Even though he has been threatens and knows the monster is capable of killing, Victor still runs off to marry Elizabeth which is also selfish of him to do. Another example is when Victor is dying, he feels he is not at all responsible for any blameless of any bad behaviour on his part in creating the creature emphasizing how irresponsible he is throughout both novel and film. Lastly, after the monster threatens Victor he begins to be more concerned for his life now that he knows what his creation is capable of. He assumes that his creation will come after him in seeking his revenge. He narrates how he took precautions against the monster: [T]his night is dreadful, very dreadful. I passed the hour in this state of mind, when suddenly I reflected how fearful the combat which I momentarily expected would be to my wife, and I earnestly entreated her to retire, resolving not to join her until I obtained some knowledge as to the situation of my enemyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦the scream was repeated, and I rushed into the roomà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦[s]he was there, lifeless and inanimate (Shelley 195) Victor is only concerned for his own life that he disregards the life of his recent wife, Elizabeth. He is surprised that the monster murders Elizabeth instead of him, even though that is exactly what Victor did as he destroyed the female creation which was supposed to be the monsters partner. As well, Victor continues to try and hide the creation away from Elizabeth as he convinces her to go to bed to prevent her from finding out about the monster he created, fearing that she will not love him as dearly. In contrast with the novel, the film emphasizes Victor Frankensteins selfishness as he brings Elizabeth back to life so that he can continue to be happy. as viewers we feel angry for making Elizabeth go through more than she deserves, proving that he will stop at nothing to achieve his goals no matter who it hurts. Overall, due to Victors selfishness we feel sorry for his creation. In both texts we see Victor Frankenstein as the monster not the creature.

Role Of Employee Attitudes And Perceptions Business Essay

Role Of Employee Attitudes And Perceptions Business Essay Employee attitude and perceptions play a very vital role in the productivity of the organisation. Overall the employee s behaviour and attitude can vary based on a number of factors such as job satisfaction, leadership, rewards, performance appraisal and various other motivating factors. This research paper aims to look into these factors about the employee attitude and how can it affect the organisation. 1.1 Background Study The employees are the main force for any organisation and it is these employees who decide the running of the company in many cases when it comes to productivity and achieving the goals, without this human force the organisation is just nothing, it is this force which makes use of the raw materials and turns them into a furnished products or goods. But when we speak about the attitude and the nature of the employees it may differ from person to person, because each individual has his own abilities, learning experience, innovative thinking and so on and by this they bring in different kinds of aspirations into the job (Mullins 2002) and apart from this they are of different gender and age, perceptions etc which will lead to a different behaviour from each of them and hence due to this sometimes there may be rational thinking as well , so here it is clear that individual values do matter and how this can be related to job satisfaction and their performance which can indirectly affect the organisation. There are a few techniques in management which can be used to investigate the perceptions and behaviour of employees in the organisation and also some theories which we will touch upon. 1.2 Research Aim Objectives 1. This research paper aims to investigate the employee behaviour and their attitude with respect to leadership 2. The paper also aims to investigate whether employee attitude and job satisfaction go hand in hand 3. Can the employee attitude be changed which is also referred to as OB MOD 1.3 Research Question The attitude of the employees towards work in the organisation and what effect it can have in the organisation 1.4 Keywords: Organisation behaviour, employee satisfaction, attitude, perception 1.5 Area of Research: Employee Attitude, job satisfaction (Organisation Behaviour) 2.0 Literature Review Genetic research suggests that 30% to 40% of job satisfaction is inherited. Job satisfaction and life satisfaction are interrelated and influence each other. A gallop poll indicates that approximately 10% to 13% of workers are dissatisfied, while about 85% of workers are satisfied. Other surveys asking questions in a different manner suggests that more workers are dissatisfied. Job satisfaction and performance varies with the type of occupation, for example, higher management means more satisfaction. Personal characteristics of workers also have an impact on job satisfaction. Job satisfaction increases age. The level of education is slightly negatively related to job satisfaction. If personal skills and abilities are not required by a job, job satisfaction decreases. When a person is more adjusted personally, they will be more satisfied with work. Most of all having a job with decent and fair wage may be the most important variable to job satisfaction. High job satisfaction is associ ated with low turnover and low absenteeism and with high commitment. Although the evidence is not conclusive, high job satisfaction is associated with high performance and pro social behaviour. 2.1 Employee Attitude And Perceptions Employee attitude and perceptions used in research and facet versus global measures. The areas discussed are not meant to provide knowledge of all relevant considerations for designing employee surveys, but rather provide background on the research and an overview of some major areas of study. In the research literature, the two most extensively validated employee attitude and perception towards their job satisfaction survey measures are the Job Descriptive Index (JDI; Smith, Kendall, Hulin, 1969). 2.2 Assessment Criteria for Job Satisfaction The JDI assesses satisfaction with five different job areas: pay, promotion, co-workers, supervision, and the work itself. The JDI is reliable and has an impressive array of validation evidence. The MSQ has the advantage of versatility long and short forms are available, as well as faceted and overall measures. Another measure used in job satisfaction research (e.g., Judge, Erez, Bono, Thoresen, in press) is an updated and reliable five-item version of an earlier scale by Brayfield and Rothe (1951). All of these measures have led to greater scientific understanding of employee attitudes, and their greatest value may be for research purposes, yet these measures may be useful for practitioners as well. In practice, organizations often wish to obtain a more detailed assessment of employee attitudes and/or customize their surveys to assess issues unique to their firm. In the Fisher (2000) study, it suggest, that positive and negative emotions both have a profound effect in predicting overall satisfaction on job. In conclusion, affect while working is a missing piece of overall job attitude. E.g. Twenty-four male and female managerial workers were asked to complete a diary during work hours. The diary was to include a report of the workers the state of mood at four different intervals during the working hours. And this was completed in 16 days. Mood was measured using a 24-item checklist called the Current Mood Report (CMR). The CMR was used to assess the dimensions of pleasantness and activation. At another time, the participants were asked to complete a measure of overall satisfaction using the Valence-Instrumentality-Expectancy (VIE) measure of beliefs about the job. Affect intensity was measured using the Affect Intensity Measure (AIM), a 40-item questionnaire designed to measure individual differences in affective responsively. Dispositional h appiness was measured using two brief self-report measures of general happiness. The results indicated that were obtained from stated the average levels of the employees about their pleasant mood in the sixteen day period and VIE beliefs about the job made important and this contributions from the individuals have a great impact on the overall satisfaction of the job. The purpose of the Weiss, Nicholas, and Daus (1999) study was to investigate the different influences of episodic levels of pleasant mood at work. They examined the relationship between one s job performance and job satisfaction, and prediction of patterns of affective states over time. Weiss et al. predicted that reported mood would be highly associated to general job satisfaction and that individual differences in general happiness would be related to mood levels as well as changes in mood over time. Finally, it was expected that they could discover cycles in mood changes over time. Job empowerment enables employees to participate in decision-making process and experience autonomy across and down the hierarchy. Although in real business, it s easier to have an empowerment policy than to actually implement it (Rosenfeld Wilson 1999:101), it s said that empowerment prorammes can lead to motivated staff, quality customer service and improved profits (Jamison 1999:20) by means of job satisfaction. Self-managed team-working approach relates to job empowerment, and is widespread and increasingly popular in USA (Mullins 2002). Individual members of the group have higher levels of job satisfaction (Cordery Smith 1991:464), because they get greater autonomy and responsibility for the work of team. Also, members of team can work out best means to achieve goals by team effort, and member can improve skills and knowledge by learning from each other during working. Autonomous working groups can be means to enhance productivity, flexibility and work satisfaction. 2.3 Motivation Theories for Improving Productivity and Job Satisfaction Motivation is a complex subject, it is a very personal thing, and it is influenced by many variables. Each and every individual has his own needs and requirements and every one would like to satisfy it in one way or the other.. The various needs and expectations at work can be categorized in a number of ways for example the simple divisions into physiological and social motives, or into intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. Broad three-fold classification as a starting point for reviewing the motivation to work, and also given the complex and variable nature of needs, Economic rewards such as pay, fringe benefits, pension rights, security and other forms of material goods. Intrinsic satisfaction is derived generally from the type of work, the interest shown in the job, and the employee s personal growth and development from various perspectives. The major theories of motivation include Maslow s Theory of hierarchical needs Herzberg s two- factor theory; Alderfer s modified needs hierarchy model s theory; McClelland s theory Often out of these theories Maslows Hierarchy and Herzberg s theory have been discussed a lot by many researchers and has a significant role in the motivation segment of any organisation. 2.4 Previous Study on Motivation An article named What motivates employees according to over 40 years of motivation surveys by Carolyn Wiley aimed to explore the factors that motivate employees in their jobs. The methodology was Secondary survey data. Between 1946 and 1992 surveys were administered by different researchers to people employed in all industries. These were designed to identify the top motivating factors for employees at each particular time. Carolyn Wiley then compares the findings of these surveys. Carolyn discovered that the most highly motivating factor in the workplace has changed over the last 40 years and matured somewhat from recognition for a job well done to the need for a challenge and enjoyment at work. It would be interesting to see if the new research topic can build on these surveys and identify the most highly motivating factor in 2004. It would then be possible to say whether societies needs at work have matured any further since 1992. 3.0 Research Design and Methodology The data required to investigate the specified research area is qualitative form of data. The primary data will be collected mainly via questionnaire and interviews which will be again compared with the available secondary data which is sought from various journals and other online sources of previous works already done by research experts. Thus the data collected through various sources would be analysed later in the next stage for carrying the research to next level and to see how fart eh research is can go ahead. The secondary data would also be used to identify and describe motivation and its importance to the work place, and will attempt to gain an insight into what motivates employees to be successful across a number of different industries and how their attitudes differ. I would especially like to identify the most common motivator to see how this compares with those that have been identified through 40 years of research highlighted by Carolyn Wiley. I would like to see if the most common motivator across the industries has matured further since 1992 when it was found to be the need for a challenge and to enjoy your job. I predict that the most common motivator now will be somewhat more sophisticated. I am also probe my sample of employees into revealing information surrounding their perception of employee benefits such as pension schemes, medical cover etc and whether these things make them perform better at work or make their jobs more satisfactory. It would be interesting to note if em ployees automatically expect to receive such benefits and do not see them as a motivator to increase performance. Thus the data gathered from the questionnaires will be qualitative categorical data. I will analyse this data by firstly reading the completed questionnaires and identifying any that cannot be used. Categorical data cannot be measured numerically but can be classified into sets or categories according to criteria set by those analysing the data. This will have to be done a number of times in order to look at different aspects of the research topic. 4.0 Data Analysis There is no doubt that the data analysis is the most mysterious and complex phase of any qualitative research project, and this is the phase which is least discussed in any literature of a research, many of the strategies which are involved in the research program are familiar to many experienced researchers and it s a crunch time for those who just get in to this practice of research. Generally people start creating a database once they gather any information, however just creating a database is not going to serve the purpose it is s must to turn this raw data into a useful data which can be used for some purpose and gives the scope for advanced research, so this requires an analytical process of the data and there are many software s in the market like Excel and SPSS which can be used for the analysis of the data. SPSS is similar software like Microsoft Excel and is highly used in the data analysis of any research these days. Once the required information is gathered, processing that information is very vital to get the right statistics. Because without analysing the collected data we cannot come to a proper conclusion and there is no use for the research. In our case the target audience of the research are mainly the employees, and the data is to be acquired mainly form the employees working in the organisation where a lot of scope is given for motivation and employee job satisfaction.. 5.0 Time Chart 6.0 Conclusion

Terry McMillans Women Essay -- Biography Biographies Essays

Terry McMillan's Women      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Terry McMillan grabs her audience's attention by filling her books with romance, tension, and sex:   "...it's the roiling currents among family, friends and lovers that McMillan is most comfortable writing about" (Skow 77).   Her customary characters are strong African-American women who are well off; many have jobs, families, and security.   Although these women seemingly have all these necessities, they long for more.   As they experience life, they embark on an "eternal search for connection" (Donahue n. pag.).   They create bonds with friends, siblings and children, but, above all, McMillan stresses their relationships with men.   McMillan's maincharacters need these close ties to other people to survive and be happy. Women depend on other women in each book.   Friends and sisters help fill a void by   giving and needing support, but these relationships fulfill only part of the connection they long for.   In Waiting to Exhale the bonds between four women are solid.   They support one another during rough times with men, husbands, jobs and all the obstacles life has to offer. In Disappearing Acts Zora can always get advice and support from her three friends with dilemmas such as pregnancy, epilepsy, and obsesity.   Stella receives coaching and reassurance from her sisters in How Stella Got her Groove Back. Although close friends strengthen one against the troublesome events in life and provide a release for the protagonists' thoughts, they have their drawbacks.   Friends need attention and support of their own.   In many instances all that they can offer is their judgment and criticism.   Portia, one of Zora's close friends in Disappearing Acts, explains the need for independence from advice by sa... ...e between reliance on others to make one happy and one's own efforts for self-fulfillment. Works Cited Donahue, Deirdre. "McMillan Slips into a Vivid, One-Note 'Groove'."   USA Today. http://www.usatoday.com/life /enter/books/leb353.htm   (28 April 1999). McMillan, Terry. Disappearing Acts. New York: Pocket Books, 1989. _____. How Stella Got Her Groove Back. New York: Signet, 1996. _____. "Ma'Dear." National Endowment for the Arts. http://arts.endow.gov/explore.Writers/Terry.html (22 May 1999). _____. Waiting to Exhale. New York: Viking, 1992. Porter, Evette.   "My Novel, My Self."   Village Voice.   May 21, 1996 Randolph, Laura B. "Me As I Wanna Be (Or How To Get Your Groove Back)." Ebony. May 1993, 20. Skow, John.   "Some Groove." Time.   May 6, 1996, 77. Wilkerson, Isabel. "On Top of the World." Essence. June 1996, 50.

ItalianAmerican Traditions in film :: essays papers

ItalianAmerican Traditions in film Work Ethic A Bronx tale is a story of a father who tries to win back the love and pride of his son from a showy neighborhood mob boss. In my opinion this film is the best portrayal of work ethic. Lorenzo, played by Robert DeNiro, plays a father who tries to teach his son that discipline and hard work pay off from working, in the long. His son Calogero, played by Lillo Brancato, is exposed to the life of a mob boss Sonny, played by Chazz Palmenteri,, and doesn’t understand why he should live a life of difficulty when he can have a life of luxury. He tries to explain to his son that the men in the community don’t look up to him, but rather they fear him He also tries to make clear that it’s easy to do what he does, but try waking up every morning and working everyday, that’s a real man. Throughout the film Sonny and Calogero develop a very close relationship. More than just a friendship, Calogero looks up to him as if he were a father figure. Sonny tells Calogero that he does not want him to do what he does, he does it because he has to; he has no other way out. He wants Calogero to finish school and make something of himself, and not to follow in his footsteps. Sonny feels like there’s always someone out there out to get him and never feels safe. He doesn’t want Calogero to have to go through the same thing. In the film Sonny murdered another person because of the fact that he took he took his parking spot. This haunting feeling he has throughout the film finally comes true in the final scene of the movie as the son of the father that was murdered earlier comes back for vengeance and kills Sonny. This action of revenge is another stereotype of Italian-American men. As the film ends Calogero is in the prime of his life so we do not know how his life continues. The viewer, in this case me, thinks that because of this dreadful ending Calogero will follow the advice of Sonny and his father to complete school and life his life like every other hard working individual in America, because as his father mentioned earlier hard work pays off in the end.

Edward R. Murrow & Socrates Essay

Indestructible courage, persistence and public service drove both Socrates and Murrow to live their lives with unwavering commitment for truth, critical thinking and unbendable integrity. With these values, Socrates and Murrow made their own lives as vivid examples of truth and veracity. They set the standards for all subsequent Western philosophy and the ideal broadcast journalism respectively. Nevertheless, their enduring courage may have brought them also to make half of themselves as merely ego maniacs or perhaps, self-centered intellectuals. Socrates’ pursuit of virtue and his strict adherence to truth clashed with the current course of Athenian politics and society. During his time, Socrates appears to have been a critic of democracy wherein some scholars had interpreted his trial as an expression of political infighting. He boldly face the charges made by the jury as seen in Plato’s â€Å"Apology,† an account of Socrates’s (unsuccessful) speech in his own defense before the Athenian jury. Socrates’s speech includes a detailed description of the motives and goals of philosophical activity as he practiced it, together with a passionate declaration of its value for life. I was really struck when Socrates purposefully gave a defiant defense to the jury because â€Å"he believed he would be better off dead. † With this statement, we can say that Socrates really happens to be a man of truth and valor similar to his modern counterpart, Edward Murrow. According to Wadleigh, â€Å"†¦ Murrow, at every juncture, did what he thought was right. He took risks that at the time seemed outrageous†¦ and he was not afraid of anything. † Furthermore, his exceptional courage is seen when he let Senator McCarthy hang himself with his open criticism program- but without any â€Å"expose† (Wershba & Hottlelet). It was found out that Socrates’s works are often philosophical or dramatic texts rather than straightforward histories. Parallel to Murrow, â€Å"†¦ his voice made the words catch fire! The way he could add drama to the simplest looking text made him amazing! † (Wershba & Kalb). Murrow offered himself to public service analogous to the teaching life of Socrates. Socrates pointedly declined to accept payment for his work with students whereas Murrow fearlessly did his job as a broadcaster. â€Å"†¦ He was a driven reporter – truly driven to tell people what was going on. He do it with intensity! † (Hottlelet) Plato refers to Socrates as the â€Å"gadfly† of the state (as the gadfly stings the horse into action, so Socrates stung Athens), insofar as he irritated the establishment with considerations of justice and the pursuit of goodness. If Socrates stung Athens, then Murrow stung America: â€Å"†¦ using his charisma, integrity and personal standards† (Wershba). It is Socrates and Murrow’s critical thinking that made themselves â€Å"men of worth. † Socrates showed this (critical thinking) through his philosophical works while Murrow made this appear through his jobs as a writer and broadcaster. These two men were really exceptional by committing themselves in pursuit of truth. However, their deep thinking and boldness has somehow conflicted their commitment to truth thus making half of themselves as merely ego maniacs or self-centered intellectuals. It was supported by the reasons why Murrow left his job at CBS: â€Å"Then there was the other side of Murrow, the driven news reporter. Murrow made Harvest of Shame and showed the rotten spots of American life. [CBS Chairman William] Paley didn’t like that. It scared away sponsors. Paley wanted it tame. Murrow wanted it real. † (Hottlelet) Another statement was from Hewitt telling that â€Å"†¦ Murrow would talk with his Person to Person guests beforehand†¦ Murrow felt that for entertainment some discussion to prepare the subjects was legitimate. Paley disagreed, so Murrow left. † He has that hidden pride in his self. Like what I’ve said earlier, he did what he thought was right†¦ which is to leave CBS. Another thing I noticed about Murrow is his sense of egoism or perhaps, self-importance. It was stated in one of the interviews that â€Å"Murrow selected very good people, who, in his presence, got better. Those around him never wanted to disappoint or embarrass Ed—so they pushed themselves to their outer limits†¦ He set the pace; he was the example. † (Kalb) This statement was further supported by Hottlelet – â€Å"He never gave instructions. He knew his worth. I think he just expected the trained reporters he hired to follow his example. † The life of Socrates appears to be really parallel to the life of Edward Murrow. By following what they thought was right and by pursuing the truth, they made half of themselves as the greatest and the most defiant men in history but half as conceited and egoistic individuals of all times.

Sociology and Recreational Facilities

I am glad to have been given this opportunity to talk to you today. The title of my speech is ‘Social ills among teenagers'. A lot has been said about the deviant behavior of teenagers. Our education system, the media, teenagers themselves and their parents have been blamed. here is no need to point an accusing finger at any particular group, but keeping mum over the issue is tantamount to condoning it. Our youths are our most valuable assets. They are the future leaders of the nation. The harm has already been done and it is now up to us to undo it.One of the main reasons why our youths go astray may be the lack of parental supervision. Nowadays, both parents go out to work. Children are left in the care of foreign maids and child-minders. As a result, they are faced with the threat of the disintegration of the family values and thus, the rising trend in social ills and crimes among teenagers. Parents should closely monitor the activities of their children and be understanding . When parents are often too busy pursuing their own careers to spare some thought for the welfare of their children, children grow up with little religious or moral guidance.When they do not get love and attention at home, they seek attention from others who may or may not come from similar backgrounds. Thus, the social ills affecting our youth may be a reflection of a much larger problem, such as the disintegration of the family unit. Ladies and gentlemen, the media may also play a part in the moral degradation among teenagers. Television programs which show violence and sex and glorify other negative aspects should be restricted.There should also be stricter enforcement of the ban on pornographic material. Teenagers with little or nothing to do during their spare time usually take to the streets. Therefore, recreational facilities such as those found in sports complexes should be available to all youths. at present, existing recreational facilities seem to either be exclusively f or the rich or for older people. the establishment of teen clubs and community centers, that do not charge high fees and that specially target teenagers, should be given top priority.In conclusion, ladies and gentlemen, everyone, including religious, educational and social institutions, as well as individuals and the media, must cooperate with the authorities to combat the social ills afflicting our teenagers. It is important that people, especially youths, do not get into the rut of moral decay. There should be a thorough study of the problem before a proper strategy can be mapped out to channel our youths towards healthier lifestyles. Thank you for your kind attention and have a nice day.