Child Marriage: A Human Rights Violation Essay

Child marriage is a serious form of human rights violation affecting young girls globally. It was estimated 10 million girls under the age of 18 get married every year (Bruce & Clark 2004) and according to Population Council Analysis of United Nations Country Data on Marriage (2002), more than 100 million girls will get married in the next decade if the current pattern persists. Girls who are disproportionately the most affected by this inhumane practice suffer tremendously. It is unreasonable such practice that robs away a girl’s childhood can exist, considering the devastating effects such as physical and psychological damages, severe health consequences and denial of personal development. 1.1 Physical and Psychological Damages Many young girls who are being forced into marriage face abuse and violence as their daily reality, yet most of them believe that a husband is justified in beating his wife (Jenson & Thornton 2003). For example, in Kenya, 36 percent of girls married before 18 consider the action of a husband beating his wife is acceptable as compared to 20 percent of married women (UNICEF 2005). Prolonged violence behaviours towards child brides including coercive sex, verbal abuse, slapping and beatings cause them to be emotionally affected and undergo post-traumatic stress. According to Khan and Lynch (1997), such symptoms are like feeling of hopelessness, helplessness and severe depression. Young married girls are extremely vulnerable and have little power in relation to their husbands and in-laws. They are often treated as domestic slaves to work in their in-law’s households. As much as young married girls are desperate to run away from their brutal marriages, they are often tied down with reasons that oblige them to stay. Most often than not is because of economic pressures and other social circumstances. There are those who seek for avenues to leave their spouses, there are also those who are abandoned, divorced or led into widowhood. They suffer a loss of status and ostracized by society with additional discrimination, for example being denied of property rights, as in many cultures divorced, abandoned or widowed women are often looked down upon (Tamunoimama 2012). They usually end up living in poverty as they have no financial support and bear the responsibility of raising their children on their own. The high rates of Vesico-Vaginal Fistula (VVF) amongst young married girls is one of the reasons why child marriage is linked to wife abandonment. Sexual reproductive organs of the child brides that are not fully developed cause them to endure very prolonged labour. The relentless pressure from the baby’s skull breaks the walls of the birth canal and leads to uncontrollable leakage from the bladder into the vagina. They are usually perceived as unclean and often abandoned or divorced by their spouses. In Nigeria, around 150,000 women with VVF, 80 to 90 percent of them are divorced by their husbands; in Niger Republic, VVF is the reason for 63.3 percent of all divorce cases (Tamunoimama 2012). In many countries, young girls are married off to older men of twice their age, because their parents believe that it is the best way to ensure their daughters are protected when being placed firmly under a male’s control. Influenced by negative social and religious norms, girls are married early to older men in the belief that a husband will provide a safeguard against her ‘immoral’ or ‘inappropriate’ behaviour (Senderowitz 1995). Consequently, when the girl is still young, their spouses died, leaving her with the sole responsibility on taking care her children. For some traditions, girls are not allowed to remarry and her families are also unlikely to accept her back once she has become widowed (UNICEF 2001). Even when a child bride feels able to challenge and leave her marriage, it usually takes her years to do so. Her families will cut her off from their lives because it is believed that running away from a marriage brings shame upon the family. This leaves the girl even more alone than before (The Effects of Early Marriage Cause and Effect Essay 2004). It will contribute to a lack of confidence and low self esteem in the young married girls, plunging them into poverty especially when they are under-educated and has few income-generating skills (Tamunoimama 2012). 1.2 Severe Health Consequences Girls and woman who marry early and with little or no education background often lack of knowledge and have limited awareness of their rights to negotiate safer sex, including the use of condom (Plan UK 2011). In addition to the age difference between the child bride and the husband alongside with her low economic status, it is almost impossible for her to demand fidelity or enjoy the freedom of movement. Barriers like distance, fear, expenses or the need for permission from their spouses or in -laws to access health services deteriorate the risks of maternal complications and mortality for young mothers (Tamunoimama 2012). According to UNICEF (2001), girls aged between 15 and 19 are twice as likely to die giving birth as compared to women over 20 years old; whereas for girls aged between 10 to 14, it is five times greater the risk. Young married girls face considerable physical pain associated with sexual intercourse as their sexual organs are not fully developed and matured (Alemu 2008). Pregnancy-related deaths including heavy bleeding, fistula, infection, Anaemia, and Eclampsia, are the leading cause of mortality for 15 to 19 year-old girls (married and unmarried) worldwide (Tamunoimama 2012). Fistula conditions like vesico-vaginal fistula (VVF) and recto-vaginal fistula (RVF) are permanent without surgical intervention to reseal the tissues. Many women have to endure with this condition for the rest of their lives, as such intervention may not be sought or may be hard to access (Tamunoimama 2012). WHO (2010) estimates there are two million women suffering from fistulas and for each year, there is a nother addition of 50,000 to 100,000 new cases of fistulas, many of which go untreated. Even though parents see early marriage or child marriage, as a method to protect their daughters from HIV/AIDS, future spouses may engage in unprotected sexual relations with other partners and already be infected (Tamunoimama 2012). Child brides are more vulnerable to HIV infection, due to the physiological immaturity of their sexual organs. A girl who has not reached puberty face serious risk on being infected by HIV/AIDS, because her vagina is not well lined with protective cells and her cervix may be penetrated easily (Alemu 2008). According to Clark (2004), a small scale research done in Kenya and Zambia shows that among 15 to 19 year-old girls who are sexually active, getting married increased their chances of HIV by more than 75 percent. Girls who are of lower status in society and lack of autonomy cannot have a say when to engage in sexual relations and when to bear a child, especially if it is a young virgin, she would be under pressure to become pregnant in the first year o f her marriage. 1.3 Denial of Personal Development Education is one of the largest losses a girl has to face when she is married off at a young age. Her opportunities to develop as an individual is limited as she needs to bear the burden of being a wife and a mother. Most of the child brides, who are forced to drop out of school during the preparation of marriage or at the point of union and transfer to their in-laws house, as badly as they want to return to school, they are denied of their rights to education. Older husbands and even fathers of young wives believe that the role of females are merely to stay home and undertake household and child-care duties. They fear that education undermines cultural practices and teaches the girl to reject tradition (Bayisenge 2009). The following quote illustrate well the case: â€Å"At the age of about 14 years, my father sent me to my uncle in Adagbira near Binaba so that he could let his wives â€Å"train me† for marriage. He believed that if I continued to go to school, I would be a â€Å"spoilt girl† and no man would agree to marry me. Being a â€Å"spoilt girl† meant that I would be too wise to marry back in his village where he could get my dowry.† (Interview with Ateni Adongo, Womankind,1999). Apart from that, parents of a child bride perceive education as an investment wasted because she is simply going to get married and it will only benefit her husband’s household. The child bride stand even little chance in hope that her husband and in-laws would invest their scarce resources in her education. In rural areas, secondary education is only attainable at a far distance from home, leading to a fear in parents that this may expose the girl to risks on premarital sex and unwanted pregnancy (Tamunoimama 2012). Child brides also find it difficult to return to school, because even the school itself has a policy of refusing married or pregnant girls to attain education. They believe that it will set a bad example to other students and destroy the reputation of the school for going against traditional beliefs. Besides, young married girls are unable to cope up and adapt with the school environment which includes rules, time tables and physical conditions, at the same time juggling their duties as wives and mothers. This further reduces the chances of them to enjoy the rights to education, which they require for personal development and contribution to the future well-being of their family and society. Early marriage was considered the main challenge to achieving universal primary education (MDG 2) and promoting gender equality (MDG 3) for girls and boys in rural communities (Plan Egypt 2010). It is not only a lost opportunity for the girls affected, but has a wider reach of repercussions for their own children and society (ICRW 2006). Young married girls, being denied of education are powerless in regards of deciding the size of their families, demanding the use of contraception and healthcare needs of their children. They are not well informed and knowledgeable about sexual relations, their bodies and reproduction, furthermore aggravated by the cultural silence surrounding these subjects (Tamunoimama 2012). With a low level of education and life skills, child brides face an increase of vulnerability to abuse and poor health, and therefore acute poverty and create a massive knock-on negative effect to the community. Marriage is regarded as a moment of celebration and a milestone in an adult life, but girls as young as five being married off to older men, forced to drop out of school to carry the heavy burden of being a wife and a mother is equivalent to being condemned a death sentence on their bright future. Article 16 of The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) states that men and women of full age are entitled to equal rights as to marriage, during marriage and at its dissolution and marriage shall be entered into only with the free and full consent of the intending parties. Therefore child marriage is considered as a violation of human rights and must be viewed within a context of force and coercion, because valid consent of the child is absent – and also often disregarded (Kumar 2008). Early marriage or child marriage is one of the ills that have eaten deep into the marrows of the third world countries, with Niger (76.6%), Chad (71.5%) and Bangladesh (68.7%) leading the top countries with highest rates of child marriage (ICRW 2005). It is a deadly curse in the modern society, with all the consequences that come along with it, including high rate of maternal mortality and morbidity, violence and abuse, reinforce cycle of poverty and many more. It stands in direct conflict with the objectives of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), (Mathur & Malhotra 2003) as it threatens the achievement of the first six goals respectively, eradicating extreme poverty and hunger; achieving universal primarily education; promoting gender equality and empowering women; reducing child mortality; improving maternal health; combating HIV/AIDs, malaria and other diseases (UN 2007). In conclusion, different parties like governments, parents, schools, medias, NGOs, by and large, everyone else that is in the community should come together to trickle this challenging phenomenon and ban this from being an acceptable cultural practice. Actions to restore the rights of those already married should go hand in hand with preventive actions in protecting the rights of unmarried girls because to ensure a good start of their life, they need education instead of being trapped in a child betrothal.

Total Rewards

The first advantage of a total rewards approach is self fulfillment so that people are recognized for what they do and encouraged to reach their potential through effective learning and development processes and given feedback on their performance. The second advantage is an organization culture where roles are clear and organizational and personal values are in alignment so that employees engage and enjoy work.Another way to consider the necessary components of rewarding people is to view them as individuals, within their team, in the organization and generally in the workplace. The fourth advantage is recognition, you must make sure that the employees are being appreciated, and not taken for granted. The last one is Organizational culture which is being able to engage and fit with the organization in terms of its values and how things are done. Describe five (5) common ways a total rewards strategy can go astray.The five common ways a total rewards strategy can go astray is simply copying another organization’s reward practices can lead to disaster, It would be harmful for either firm to adopt the reward practices of the other, Not implanting an effective award strategy, No considering the employees communication strategy, and Not following the strategy the way is was implemented. Describe the six (6) steps in designing a total rewards program. Developing a total rewards strategy specific to your institution’s needs requires some initial homework to establish a baseline of what you already offer and to develop a more strategic approach to rewards.The first step is Inventory rewards, it will conduct a full, detailed, and accurate inventory of the rewards currently offered by your institution. This inventory should include both formal programs and informal practices. Some of this information is readily available but some of it will require investigation, particularly in large, decentralized institutions. To be effective, a total rewards strategy s hould reflect your institution’s strategy and goals for attracting, retaining, and engaging qualified talent.The second step is Measure investment, this is where you calculate the current level of investment in each element to establish a baseline and to track changes. The third step is Increase information because through clear communication, it helps employees understand the full suite of rewards available to them. The fourth step is Implement improvements, this implementation and execution is essential to a fully realized total rewards strategy. Vague practices, inconsistent implementation, and unclear communication will contribute to a less-than-effective strategy.Setting priorities for developing or enhancing rewards and communicating these improvements will demonstrate an institutional commitment to employees. The fifth step is Measure impact, which is a total rewards strategy that constitutes a vibrant plan. Maintaining the plan’s relevance requires regular revi ew of your institution’s initiatives and external influences. Lastly the sixth step is Involve the community. Involve leadership, faculty, and staff in understanding the total rewards strategy and how it supports the institution’s overall strategic direction. Describe the eight (8) steps in the communication process.Communication plans can be prepared for a variety of activities – internal and external. Interestingly, though, many companies overlook the value of creating formal communication plans to outline their overall internal communication objectives – and to provide a framework for activities, with measures to help determine whether the tactics used are really making a difference. The eight steps in the communication process is Situation analysis/background, Quantifiable objectives/goals, Target audience, Key messages, Strategies and tactics to meet objectives/goals, Responsibility/accountability for completing tactics, Budget, and Measurement.The s ituation analysis or background section of your communication plan should provide a high level overview of the situation or communication need with sufficient detail that someone not directly involved would understand the issue driving the need for communication and the desired outcome. The next step in developing your communication plan is to identify objective/goal statements that indicate the â€Å"end state† you hope to achieve. It’s critical that each of your objectives/goals has a specific, targeted â€Å"end point† or outcome.This both helps you determine the amount of resources that must be allocated to achieve the goal and also provides an indicator of success. The next step is to target your audience because you will need to remember that your challenge will be finding a balance between exerting more effort than is required to communicate to various audiences and not exerting enough effort to impact the appropriate audiences. A good starting point in i dentifying target audiences is to consider the various stakeholders that the message impacts. Each identified target audience has different communication needs.The content, order and number of key messages are likely to vary by group. The fewer and more specific your key messages can be, the better. Three key messages are a good number to aim for more than that will broaden your focus and minimize the impact of your communication. Objectives/goals identify the end points you hope to achieve. You will have to go beyond these broad objectives to identify specifically how you will achieve those end points. This involves developing strategies and tactics. Strategies are broad statements of activity.Tactics are more specific statements of activity that are actionable. When identifying strategies and tactics, it’s important to be realistic. Assigning accountability for the accomplishment of that plan is critical. Unless specific areas of the organization – and individuals wi thin those areas recognize that they are being held responsible and accountable for completing specific tactics that drive your ability to achieve your strategies and objectives. You have to achieve your communication plan objectives, you may also need to address the budget resources needed.While some communication plans will require no additional budget and can be accomplished with existing staff within standard work hours, other plans will require additional staff or the development of communication materials. To be effective, communication needs to be part of a carefully considered process, focused on achieving clearly identified, measurable results. It is not difficult to communicate effectively, but it does take some thought, a clear focus on objectives, an understanding of the tools available to communicate your messages and a strong partnership between you and your internal customer.

What does it take to get into the University at Buffaloâ€SUNY?

With an acceptance rate of 57%, the University at Buffalo is moderately selective. What does it take to get in? The largest campus in the SUNY system, the University at Buffalo is comprised of eight schools, including the only schools of architecture and law among SUNY universities. While it is particularly well-known for its School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences and School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, UB students can take advantage of a wide range of stellar academic programs. UB also boasts notable alumni including Wolf Blitzer, Terry Gross, and Jeremy Jacobs. Applicants may apply to UB using the Common Application, Coalition Application, or the SUNY Application. If you use the SUNY Application, you must also complete a supplement . If you plan to apply using the Common Application, be aware that two SUNY Buffalo institutions are listed. You should select â€Å"University at Buffalo (SUNY).† On the SUNY Application, UB is listed as â€Å"Buffalo, University at.† Along with your application, you will submit your SAT or ACT scores. UB does not require but does recommend submitting the writing or essay portions of the SAT or ACT. In order to increase your chances of admission, advises submitting this section of your choice exam. You will also need to submit your high school transcript and a letter of recommendation from a teacher or counselor. Applicants may apply by the nonbinding Early Action (EA) deadline of November 15 or by the Regular Decision deadline of February 1. While prospective students should aim to apply by one of these deadlines, UB notes that students may continue to apply for consideration until the university reaches full capacity for its freshman class. If you wish to be considered for scholarships, however, you must apply by December 15. Keep in mind that some scholarships require separate applications. UB is moderately selective, with an acceptance rate of 57%. Its EA acceptance rate is considerably higher at 83.6%. While many EA applicants apply to UB as their first choice and are therefore more likely to be strong candidates, applying early can give any competitive applicant an advantage, and considering that the plan is nonbinding, it is helpful to apply under this plan if you are able to meet the early deadline regardless of whether or not UB is your first choice. For the class of 2022, the middle 50% range for the combined critical reading and math sections on the SAT was 1190-1350 and 25-30 for the ACT. On a scale of 100, the middle 50% range for high school GPA was 91-96. To be a competitive applicant, you should aim to have scores and a GPA closer to the upper end of this range. UB performs a holistic review of applicants, evaluating your academic record as well as other factors such as your personal essay, recommendations, activities and special talents, leadership, life circumstances, and more. While UB does not require any specific coursework as prerequisites for admission, the university does suggest that prospective students complete the following by their high school graduation: Students who have not completed this coursework may still be admitted but will likely need to take additional courses after matriculating. To be a strong candidate for admission, you should aim to complete this coursework during high school.   Estimating your chance of getting into a college is not easy in today’s competitive environment. Thankfully, with our state-of-the-art software and data, we can analyze your academic and extracurricular profile and estimate your chances. Our profile analysis tool can also help you identify the improvement you need to make to enter your dream school. Emphasize your strengths and choose the most suitable program. UB does accept applicants who have not stated an anticipated major; however, you should still demonstrate strengths in certain areas to ensure that you are admitted into the correct school for you, as evidenced by your extracurricular participation and coursework. For example, if you are considering pursuing a major in the humanities in the College of Arts and Sciences, even if you’re undeclared, you should demonstrate proficiency and interest by challenging yourself and performing well in your English, history, and foreign language courses and by participating in corresponding extracurricular activities, such as a foreign language club. Keep in mind that some programs have additional requirements or are limited enrollment. For example, the Department of Music and the Department of Theatre and Dance require applicants to complete an audition as part of the admissions process. Additionally, engineering applicants will receive a more rigorous review to assess their â€Å"readiness† in key science and math disciplines. Some majors, including architecture, art, biological sciences, business administration, engineering, exercise science, and nuclear medicine technology, admit freshmen directly, while the others admit students in their sophomore year. Your coursework and extracurriculars should demonstrate a strong interest and aptitude in your specific discipline if you choose to apply to these programs directly. Identify special programs. UB offers special programs to some qualifying students. These programs can help you gain admission, as well as give you opportunities you may not have had otherwise. For example, the Educational Opportunity Program offers a path for talented students who have not been able to reach their full academic potential due to educational, economical, or personal circumstances. If you qualify for this program you will receive benefits such as mentoring, scholarships, and more. This means that even if you haven’t excelled due to circumstances beyond your control, you may still have the opportunity to attend UB. Learning about these programs and demonstrating your strengths in other ways can mean the difference between acceptance and rejection. Because UB thrives on its diversity and celebrates student from all backgrounds, it also offers guidance to international applicants. Check out the International Undergraduate Admission Office website for details on applying, including additional requirements and the steps for applying for a student visa. Additional special programs include the Honors College . Among seminars and other courses, Honors students will complete a course on teamwork and service learning. To apply for the Honors College, you will select it as an option in the Academics section on your application. Keep in mind that is is much more selective than general university admissions, with a class size of 350 students. Successful applicants are generally within the top 10% of incoming freshman and have demonstrated civic engagement, intellectual curiosity, resilience, and other qualities. Being denied admission to any college, particularly one of your top choices, is disappointing. Still, it’s important to take a step back and regroup. If you get rejected from UB, here’s what you can do: Take a gap year or transfer in. If you had your heart set on UB but received bad news, one option is to take a gap year and reapply next admissions cycle. If you do decide to go this route, make sure you have a productive plan for the upcoming year. You might undertake a research project, volunteer, study to improve your SAT scores, or take classes at a local college. Do know, however, that this path is risky, as taking a gap year won’t ensure your acceptance the second time around. You could also begin your studies at another institution with the hopes of transferring. Approximately 2,300 students transfer to UB annually. Note that there are certain minimum admission criteria for transfer students and some programs have additional transfer admission requirements; for example, Biochemistry requires a departmental application and a GPA of 3.0 in prerequisite courses, along with a 2.0 GPA overall. Keep it in perspective. Even if UB was your top choice, chances are, you’ll find a way to make the best of your experience at another college. College really is what you make of it, and if you put effort into adjusting to another school by joining clubs, working hard in your classes, and cultivating a healthy social life, you’ll likely find that you can make a fulfilling college experience for yourself, even if you end up at your second or third choice college. When you sign up for our program, we carefully pair you with the perfect admissions specialist based on your current academic and extracurricular profile and the schools in which you’re interested. Your personal application specialist will help you with branding, essays, and interviews, and provide you with support and guidance in all other aspects of the application process.

Law Relating to Children Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Law Relating to Children - Case Study Example The only family care which children have received from their tender age is in the care and nurturance of Hannah, who lives with her live-in man Ian, who supports her decision to keep the children under her care. Hannah's home is the only safe home which the children have had in their growing years. And, Hannah provides good care not only for the two girls Ella and Grace, whom Barry (the step father) had left under her care but has also taken to care for a newborn Joanne, whom Allison brings in her care in distress. Hannah, has a natural generosity and love for children and good support from her live-in mate Ian, which gives the children a safe and loving home environment for growth and development. Children have grown to have a strong relationship with Hannah and are growing ell under her care. Hannah and I an could seek Parental Responsibility order based on the Children's Act 1989(The Law Relating to Children, 2007), from the court to make sure they maintain nor only social responsibility of the children, but legal rights to ensure safety and welfare of the children, after Barry's death. If Barry were still alive, they could obtain Residence Order as the primary care giver. But with Barry's death it would naturally be determined that they are the only consistent family influence on the children. ... It really would not affect much if Hannah and Ian were married or not. Hannah and Ian have been together as live-in mates before children were brought in their care. And, both Hannah and Ian have been willing to take children in. If there was disagreement on the part of Ian, it would be different story, but with Ian's support and consent it really does not affect much legally. Allison, is just the biological mother of the three girls, she has been an irresponsible mother involved in a profession which would harm her children more if they were in her care. She could not provide stable and safe home for the children. She is not committed to her children. She has not even kept in touch with the children except for occasional birthday cards and Christmas presents. Her character is unstable and indulgent. She is involved in a very unsuitable profession which can be devastating exposure for her children. And her addiction with drugs make her unpredictable and unworthy as a caregiver for her own children. She is a classic example of a young and irresponsible mother, involved in a very messy situation where she cannot get out of the trap of indulgence and addiction. Even though Allison is irresponsible and uncaring, being the biological mother she does have right to step into the life of her children, if she shows exemplary change in her ways and responsibilities towards her children under the supervision of the court in case of emergency, under Emergency Protection Order and Care Order(The Law Relating to Children, 2007). This can be done only if she assumes dramatic change in her life which reflects her more caring and responsible attitude towards her children and there is a situation

Compare and Contrast three separate and distinct linux vendors of Essay

Compare and Contrast three separate and distinct linux vendors of workstation and server - Essay Example The cost of availability and after-sales support of the three vendors will also be analyzed. Most importantly, any hidden charges or licensing fees as required for subscription of Microsoft applications will also be reviewed. Finally, a recommendation in choosing Linux and the reasons behind preferring Linux over Microsoft will also be provided. Moreover, the feasibility in using Linux workstation and servers will be analyzed which will provide the key benefits that can be experienced by the enterprises. Table of Contents Executive Summary 2 Table of Contents 3 3 Introduction 4 Thesis Statement 5 Red Hat Enterprise Workstation 5 Red Hat Enterprise Server 9 SUSE Linux Enterprise Workstation 11 SUSE Enterprise Server 15 Oracle Linux Workstation/Server 18 Conclusion 21 References 22 25 Introduction Organizations around the world are looking for better alternatives to Microsoft due to the introduction of one of the most controversial licensing agreements in May, 2001. The licensing progr am was introduced to promote the rights and to ensure maintenance of software which was named Software Assurance (SA). The experience Microsoft had after the development of this licensing program made them stall the releases of other licensing programs subsequently. The variance nature of modern day industries did not accept the new program thereby, making the company to modify the program (BetaNews Inc, 2012). Business organizations typically are different from consumers which brought software without signing any contract. However, organizations required to enter into a multi-year volume licensing contracts. Prior to the release of this agreement, existing customers were provided a discount while upgrading their software based on their contract. However, new customers had to pay full price for the software intended to buy. With the introduction of SA, the customers had to pay Microsoft 29% of the full license price each year for upgrading desktop software and 25% for server softwar e. Furthermore, customers were required to buy the upgrade rights at the same time while purchasing the new software, before they actually needed it (BetaNews Inc, 2012). Thus, business organizations were facing lots of hardships with the new licensing agreement and therefore, started looking for better alternatives. In this regards, Linux is one of the most preferred options due to certain advantages possessed over Microsoft. For instance, Linux is an open source and free software which provided customers the opportunity to develop the visualization mechanisms to enhance the performances. Furthermore, Microsoft consumers who did not posses volume licensing agreement were not allowed to install software in virtual machines running on the same organizations. However, with Linux, users can deploy purchased software to multiple machines with no additional cost (Gabriel Consulting Group Inc, 2009). Thesis Statement The study will provide a contrasting analysis of Linux vendors, namely, Red Hat, SUSE and Oracle software on the basis of reliability, performance, application, support and training, availability and cost of ownership. Moreover, the study will define the best distribution of workstation and server of Linux among its vendors. Red Hat Enterprise Workstation Reliability Red Hat Enterprise assures users to provide the best in class applications

Fight Club Analysis Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Fight Club Analysis - Movie Review Example (Fight Club 1999); when he mentions the growing relationship between Tyler and Marla; and when he talks about the destructiveness of Project Mayhem. But in many cases too, words of the actual actors take over. In some places, especially where the narrator is talking, the dialogues are brief and to the point, just added to move the story forward at that particular point in time. Take for instance the opening scene at the support centre for men with testicular cancer where Bob Paulson, weeping, chips in a question to the protagonist, 'Are we still men' (Fight Club 1999), while the protagonist/narrator's voice, is telling the story in the background. In other scenes in the movie the dialogues are longer, starting with the time the protagonist meets Marla Singer, and discovers that she is faking her reason for being at the therapy session. They hold a conversation after the session. Other longer dialogue scenes include when the narrator meets Tyler Durden, the time the Fight Club begins, and the scene in the bathroom where the narrator and Tyler have a talk. For the fighting in the film, the actors were expected to show real fighting skills. Light and Colour Fight Club has good art direction (Linson 2004). The director, David Fincher, gave a vivid effect to the colour. As a result of this, people appear kind of shiny. Colours were also added to some nighttime shootings. A Super 35 format was used in shooting Fight Club. The narrator's scenes without Tyler Durden, the scenes are casual to look at. Those scenes which have Tyler in them have more visual effects, looking more real than is normal. Many parts of the film were shot at night, while those that were taken during the day... Giroux, H. A. (2001). "Brutalized Bodies and Emasculated Politics: Fight Club, Consumerism, and Masculine Violence", Breaking in to the Movies: Film and the Culture of Politics. New York, Blackwell Publishing Limited, 258-88

An historical account of an ancient Greek city-state or colony Assignment

An historical account of an ancient Greek city-state or colony - Assignment Example The author draws heavily from the primary sources of information such as the Herodotus, Plutarch, and the Thucydides to explain the nature and structures of various Greek land engagements in the 500 century B.C. In essence, the author presents a formative domain in understanding the history of Western warfare. The map below is a representation of ancient Greece city states that had come into existence in the 500 century B.C. the map clearly shows the settlements in the ancient Greece and the surrounding natural features such as the seas and other natural landscapes. From the map, it can be observed that the Athens City is among the notable City-States that existed in the early 500 century B.C. and was surrounded by rival city states such as Thebes and Corinth. The author gives a critical overview of the birth of the Athens City State and cultural diversity. The author notes that Athens is located at latitude 37 58’ 20† N and longitude 23 43’ 9† on the Attica plains. At the heart of the Attica plain, there exists a range of hills (presently referred to as Tourko Vouni) that spread from the northeast to the south. The hills separate the Kephisos and ILissos valleys that are boards a spur to the south. The spur can be termed as the link to the Athens City states. It is worth noting that the highest point of Athens is known as Acropolis. From the book, it can be identified that Athens has experienced dramatic transformations since its existence. Currently, the city is occupied by people from diverse origins in terms of race, ethnic background and religious affiliations. As a result of the settlement of people from diverse origins, the city is characterized by a rich a dynamic culture. Different people have different cultural construction and, therefore, meeting of residents in a common place leads to cultural

A critical analysis of three short stories or one short Novella by one Essay

A critical analysis of three short stories or one short Novella by one author - Essay Example Rather than portraying his characters in keeping with the generally accepted and widely held view of the stereotypical farmer, for instance, Faulkner presented his characters, good and bad, with a strong degree of sensitivity and understanding (Cowley, 1977). By covering several aspects of living in Yoknapatawpha, telling stories from various different viewpoints within the town, Faulkner has an amazing repertoire of characters who drift in and out of focus and who can trace their lineage back to his first tale. He wrote primarily from his experience growing up in the south and within his archetypal setting, he was able to establish clearly defined allegories such as Time in â€Å"A Rose for Emily†, the strength of the southern black man in â€Å"Ad Astra† and the struggle of the natural against the civilized in â€Å"The Bear.† Faulkner is one of the least educated and least experienced writers of his time. Born in New Albany, Mississippi on September 25, 1897, he was originally William Falkner, the first of four sons born to Murry and Maud Falkner. He acquired the ‘u’ later in life probably as a typographical error and later as an intentional misspelling to obtain a position with the Royal Air Force in Canada as he felt it made him appear more British (Padgett, 2005). When he was five years old, the family moved to Oxford. Although he reportedly showed a great deal of artistic talent at a young age, Faulkner was quickly bored with school and dropped out without graduating from high school. Other than a short stint at the University of Mississippi, he never returned to school. He joined the Royal Air Force in Canada, but was honorably discharged shortly after he completed training when the war ended, forcing him to return home to Mississippi. He remained somewhat unanchored for a while, taking odd jobs, publishing poetry and short stories and attending the university before moving to New

Best Lesson Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Best Lesson - Essay Example An excellent model suchs as the CALLA model enables learners to approach instructional paradigms from a well-grounded and a critical standpoint. The strategy of teaching English as a Second Language for university students usually begin with a theoretical background that explains and justifies the premises of the instructional approaches to be presented. This practice helps the mastery of the important theories and helps acquire practical strategies for effective classroom teaching. The best lesson in the online module provide its learners with a principled set of instructional tools for teaching English to learners of English as a Second Language. I rated the CALLA Model of Ana Chamost and Michael O'Malley with a perfect grade of 10 out of 10 as the best lesson among the three lessons which were presented. The major reasons for this high rating are the CALLA Model considers the development of effective instructional skills for the teachers and it relies on a clear realization of the fundamental precepts that guide the teachers' prevailing beliefs and practices. In this model, the teachers take into account a variety of approaches, several underlying assumptions, and the specific practices that their teaching philosophy inspires. (Yates & Muchisky, 2003). The best lesson is that of the CALLA Model of Ana Chamot and Michael O'Malley which integrated grade level content, language and strategy instruction. The two researchers found that the group of ESLs identified by their teachers were very successful as they utilized a variety of strategies and were conscious as to the why to use, when to use, how to use and why the specific strategies were being used.This research led to the CALLA model or Cognitive Academic Language Learning Approach (Chamot and O'Malley, 1994) that integrates grade-level content, language, and strategy instruction. The three strategies included in the CALLA approach are metacognitive strategies, cognitive strategies, and social affective strategies. In this model, the students use the new information and skills they learn. The teaching and learning approaches encompass collaboration, inquiry, problem-solving and hands-on experience. These strategies are used by teachers when they predict, organize, evaluate, infer, question and summarize. The teachers of English learners need to be explicit in teaching these strategies. Students should be taught the declarative knowledge of the strategy. Then students should be given the strict procedural knowledge on how to use the strategy. Once the declarative and procedural knowledge are clear, students are then taught the conditional knowledge or when and why it would be appropriate to use the strategy. (Paris, Cross and Lipson, 1994).I gave the second lesson which is on interaction a grade of 8 out of a grade of perfect 10. I fully agree that interaction between students and teachers is necessary for English learners to help them develop their reading and speaking skill s for the language. However, I do understand that some English learners in developing countries may not have had the

Is Genre a useful category for the understanding of films made in Essay

Is Genre a useful category for the understanding of films made in China and Japan - Essay Example A scholar that suggests that there is an American genre would be immediately attacked by his colleagues for oversimplifying an obviously complex, multifaceted gamut of movies. So the question of whether there is a Chinese or Japanese genre of film may be answered in the affirmative if one sees "genre" in merely the audience short-hand manner. If, that is, the audience is American or British. The definition of "genre" in this sense will be "having a preponderance of Chinese or Japanese actors, and in either Mandarin or the Japanese language". This is rather simplistic, and might be regarded as offensive or even racist, but it does reflect one of the most simple definitions of genre. China can be divided between Hong Kong, the mainland controlled by the nominally Communist government and then Taiwan, which represents a whole other development both politically and artistically. So it can be said that a "Chinese genre" is redundant beyond the audience-expectation type of definition. Turning to Japanese cinema, while more culturally homogenous, Japan also presents difficulties for the simple definition. Donald Richie, the leading Western scholar of Japanese cinema, states that many Japanese films indeed have a sense of what he calls "Japaneseness". He describes this as "the celebration of evanescence".4 This evanescence is shown by Japanese film-makers within a paradoxical desire to have their films be temporary rather than permanent. Thus Richie quotes the director Ozu, who stated, "the attractive thing about film is this transience, this mist-like vanishing quality."5 The director Naruse goes even further, suggesting that films should "always vanish a few weeks after release, perhaps this is what films should be, things that live on only in the audience's memory, or vanish into thin air."6 The wish to have their films vanish into thin air is rather ironic for two reasons. First, it counters the traditional advantage that film is said to have over theatre: its permanence as opposed to mutability. Second, in darkly humorous irony, this rather intellectual wish has been granted to the vast majority of Japanese film-makers, whether or not they desired the honor. Thus the majority of Japanese films (more than 90% of pre-WWII movies) have vanished because they did not survive the film chemistry or the war of the time. Even with film production since 1945, a majority of Japanese films now no longer exist and can only be referenced within the memories of actors, writers etc.

Explore the reasons why Othello orders the death of Desdemona Essay Example for Free

Explore the reasons why Othello orders the death of Desdemona Essay Othello is a play about love, hatred, death and deception. Othello is partly betrayed by flaw in his own character. He orders the death of Cassio (his friend and ensign) and Desdemona (his wife) for a number of reasons. Chief among these are is that he is rash, violent and aggressive. He is an angry man who believes whatever Iago tells him with blind faith. He is confused by Iagos tricks and does as he is told without thinking about its consequences. He is impulsive. He is acting like a true moore (or as what people consider him to be) in Shakespeare days. Othello has the tendency to believe whatever Iago tells him. Even before he is shown any evidence to prove that Desdemona is cheating on him. He starts to hate her Now do I see tis true. He turns a blind eye on the fact that he has not seen what the proof is yet. The proof could have been so insignificant that Othello would not trusted it, however in this case the evidence have been planted to mislead Othello. Othello is impulsive. He is rash as fire for numerous reasons. He doesnt trust his wife (who he married with his happiness) or trust his friend, Iago, Who is his enemy. He believes that his wife is cheating on him and becomes enraged very easily. Ill tear her whole to pieces. It tells us that his intentions arent very good. Rather than killing her he could Shake he off to beggarly divorcement and let her live her life. Furthermore, after Iago has completely misled him, Othello finds no other way other than thinking and ordering the death of Cassio. Let me hear thee say that Cassios not alive. He acts hastily without letting Cassio stand trail nor defend himself. He is sure that Desdemona and Cassio have become disloyal to him. The audience that Othello is an angry man and rash as fire by his behaviour towards Iago. If thou dost slander her and torture me then thou hast, better been born a dog than answer my wakd wrath. This show that Othello cant comprehend it that his wife might be cheating on him so he is taking his anger out on others. An example of that is he takes his anger out on Iago, who he believes to be his friend. However, he is not rash as fire because he resists the urges. He shows this when he is in conversation with Iago. Ill not believe it. Here Othello is trying to imply that he doesnt believe Iago fully until he sees the evidence in the form of the handkerchief. This shows that he still trust s his wife. He is saying she is as pure as a goddess and if she isnt then heaven isnt so perfect when he says if she be false then heaven mock itself. He also proves he trusts his wife. Ill se before I doubt. He still wants evidence before doing anything. When I doubt, prove. This shows that Othello doesnt have complete faith in Iago. The audience cannot really blame Othello for being rash as fire as Iago keeps provoking his temper. Iago convinces Othello of Desdemonas and Cassios guilt by using different techniques. To convince Othello, Iago plants circumstantial evidences in order to make Othello think that something is really going on between Cassio and Desdemona. He steals Desdemonas handkerchief and leaves it in Cassios bedroom. Such a handkerchief did I see Cassio wipe his beard with. This helps Iago prove Desdemonas infidelity as it will give Othello evidence. Trifleare to the jealous confirmation strong as proofs of holy writ. Furthermore, Iago is reticence and implies he is withholding information. He acts like he doesnt want to say anything. Should you do sospeech should fall in vile success. This entices Othello to say I pray thee speak to me as to thy thinking. This makes it seem like Iago is trustworthy because he seems to want to protect his friend, when really he wants to get Othello to hate him. Oft my jealousy shapes faults that are not. Iago start to lie outright. However he only does this after he has largely convinced Othello. He says that he heard Cassio talking to Desdemona in his sleep. Sweet Desdemona let us hide our love. This is a blatant lie but Othello is fooled and believes him. He falls into Iagos trap. It works as he creates hideous images of Cassio and Desdemona. This is when Othello for the first time concludes that Desdemona is gone. His trust and faith in his marital happiness fades into the belief he has been rejected by Desdemona. A technique that works very well with Othello is when Iago implies he knows more than he does, making leading statements. He first introduces the topic by deliberately leading a question for Othello to ask rather than stating the full facts thus playing on Othellos paranoia. Did Michael Cassio, when you wood my lady know of your love? This makes Othello wonder why he would want to know that. He later serves to make Othello think of Desdemona. Iago is clever and subtle in his tricks; Othello cannot be blamed for believing him. Later, when Othello is convinced, he reinforces his honesty by saying perhaps you mind might change. He does this because he knows Othello wont. Another skill which works well is making Othello angry on purpose. Iago uses graphical language to make Othello picture Desdemona and Cassio in compromising situation. Wouldst thou grossily grape on behold her topped? This gets Othello worked up. He uses shocking and profane language such as prime as goat, hot as monkey by saying this Othello believes Iago and becomes all senseless and wrathful. Thou hadst better been born a dog than answer my wakd rath. This makes Othello irrational and witless. The audience may also consider the social and historical background to be a reason. During the time when the play was written, many events were taking place (we can see hints of this in the play). When Othello was convinced that Desdemona was cheating him, he decided he would kill her. Divorce was not an option for him as the pope, who was at time was the most important man in Europe, would not allow Othello to divorce Desdemona without a trial. Othello didnt want to do this as he would have to prove Desdemona guilty of infidelity. Othello didnt want to do this as he still loved Desdemona with all his heart and thought Desdemona cheated him. Another point we must consider is that when the play was written there was a good deal of racism and mis-trust for non-Christians. Shakespeares audience may have seen moors as barbarous heathens. This would explain his propensity for violence. Consequently coloured people such as Venetians were given fewer rights as they were regarded as barbarians. Such barbarians would react violently, because they were uncivilised. O blood, blood, blood! Othellos Moorish heritage may also have influenced his anger at the loss of the handkerchief as he actually believed in its magic. Tis true. There is a magic in the web of it. Othello having been a soldier since he was 7 and then a general, meaning he spent his life in the army and therefore he didnt know women well. He was also an outsider to the Venetian society and so it made it easier for Iago to convince Othello. In Venice they do let god see the pranks they do not show their husbands. A number of factors contribute to the killing of Desdemona and Cassio. One of the major reasons influencing Othellos decision is Iagos numerous lies and his way of manipulating and confusing Othello. These play a major part as, if Iago hadnt lied to Othello, he wouldnt have thought his wife betrayed him. Another factor that led to Desdemonas and Cassios killing is that the fact that in his personal life he knew nothing about women. Iago took advantage of this and lies outright. Iagos lies wouldnt have worked if Othello had trust in him. If divorce was an option he probably would have considered it letting Desdemona live her life. Another reason that Othello was harsh was because thats what moors were considered to be.

Gantt Chart for Execution of House Construction Essay Example for Free

Gantt Chart for Execution of House Construction Essay The activity of house construction involves many stages which are spread over many months. The case study example taken for the preparation of Gantt chart is selected as it involves various stages and there are many people involved in different activities. These activities are interdependent on the performance of various work groups and can get delayed if not planned and executed timely. Thus I present a Gantt Chart that will assist and ensure effective working in order to obtain the end result as planned. Explanation of Gantt Chart (refer appendix) The overall activity has been planned for a time span of 9 months. The activities have been classified as follows Excavation (A) : This is the first stage where excavation for the house columns needs to be carried out. The lead time for this activity is one month. This is a process which is labor intensive and needs to be completed as per the architectural drawing. Other activities cannot be started before ensuring accuracy of the excavation work as the structure cannot be modified if desired at a later stage. Hence activity B , RCC cannot start before 100 % completion of activity A. In case during this phase it is realized that any delays could be caused in reaching the first milestone then additional workforce or earth moving equipment needs to be outsourced. RCC (B) (Reinforced Cement Concrete) : The lead time for this activity is three months. Once excavation is complete the next stage is of RCC which involves making columns and beams of the house. Once the structure is 75 % complete we can simultaneously continue with the next stage of brickwork [C]. The achievement of this milestone will not hamper activity C but due caution has to be exercised that the activity gets completed by the fourth month form the project starting date as it is the start of activity D and E. Brickwork (C) Along with brickwork the other activities Electrical (D) and Plumbing (E) also need to be commenced upon the completion of stage B and 50 % of stage C as the electrical pipes and fittings need to be covered inside the walls. Similarly toilets and kitchen requires plumbing to be done simultaneously. If the activity deviates from its planned lead time of two months then activity D, E and F will need to be carried out at an increased pace than its actual to cover up for the lag time. Electrical (D)and Plumbing (E) These stages can be executed simultaneously as they are not interdependent on each other . Once these are complete we can move on to the next stage. Plastering (F) After completion of electrical and plumbing work we can start with the internal plastering activity. However external plastering can be carried out when 50 % of stage D and E are complete. This is the third milestone. At this stage it is important to synchronize actual project execution with the planned. Tiling (G) Once plastering is 100 % complete then we can move on to Tiling Flooring work Painting (H) This is the final milestone to be executed after 100 % completion of activity G . Conclusion: Gantt chart gives a clear picture of the stages and helps in noticing any deviations and corrective steps can be implemented which in turn will not disrupt other schedules and help in achieving desired results in a cost effective and efficient manner. The case for buy Vs make is indeed a matter of individual capacities and judgment in the said example. By choosing to make as in the above case the maker gets freedom of choice and taste to suit his own needs. If activities are carried out with due diligence the project would be cost effective. Reference : Gantt Chart- Wikipedia, 19 October 2008, http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Gantt_chart

Lord of the Flies Symbolism Essay

Lord of the Flies Symbolism Essay The conch shell is a shell that means a lot more than just a beautiful white shell. It has great power and it symbolizes civilization and order. The boys on the island look to this conch as holding order in a crumbling society. The boys respect this conch in the beginning and no one can speak unless you are holding the conch. You will see how the conch, positioned high on a pedestal, but in the end, lays among the rocks in fine white dust. As the civilization and order on the island begins to erode, the conch shell looses power and this has a big influence on the boys. When they start to realize the conch is losing power, things will get out of order and jack is beginning to take over. Once Jack takes over, savageness is comes into play. The diminishing of the conchs importance in this story shows the start of the decline of the civilization on this island. When the conch shell is crushed by the boulder roger threw, this symbolizes the true end of civilization and the true start of a truly savage nation. The signal fire is another important symbol in lord of the flies. The fire seems to represent savageness and civilization. It is savage because it burns wildly and it is civilization in the sense that they are trying to get rescued. The fire at first is a symbol of civilization and order and because Ralph is trying to get rescued which symbolizes civilization. When the fire starts to burn out of control and one boy goes missing (the one with the big birthmark on the side of his face) this shows that the fire is becoming savage. The signal fire has many complex layersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ kind of like an onion. When the fire burns low or goes out, we begin to realize that the boys have lost the desire to be rescued and have accepted their savage lives on the island. The fire is ironic in a way that at the end of the novel, it finally gets a ship to the island. Instead of it being the signal fire it is the fire of savagery. The forest fire Jacks tribe starts as part of trying to hunt Ralph d own and kill him The evil within the boys has more effect on their existence as they spend more time on the island, isolated from the rest of society that represents the decline and is shown by Piggys specs. Piggys glasses represent civilization, science, and technology while they are trying to get rescued. Piggys glasses make the fire start representing the start of the civilization process, if that is what you want to call it. Without the glasses, they would not have been able to get rescued. They end up fighting over the gasses when the glasses were knocked off piggy and broken. That represents how the glasses have changed and how the civilization is starting to diminish. When jack steals the glasses this shows how savageness is taking over and how jack is taking over. Throughout the book, Piggy represents the civilization and the rules. As Piggy loses his ability to see, the other boys lose their vision of becoming civilized and being rescued. When the story begins, Piggy can see clearly with bot h lenses of his glasses perfectly new and the boys are still civilized. After some time passes, the hunters become more concerned with slaughtering of a pig than with being rescued and returning to civilization. Things are beginning to diminish. This is illustrated in the way that Piggys glasses are becoming more and more broken. It shows how in the beginning piggy could see clearly and things were civilized. Then when his glasses were knocked off, he could not really see and that shows how civilization is declining. When Piggys glasses are stolen, he cannot see at all which shows that civilization has completely disappeared. The beast is a thing that all the boys are afraid of, it is a product of their imagination. However, in reality, it represents the evil that lurks whit in all of us, which is causing life on the island to deteriorate. Piggy begins to say that the beast is just fear and Simon tells them, Maybe, maybe there is a beast what I mean is maybe its only us (p. 89). Jack states that the beast can take shape in any form, which is kind of showing how the beast can take shape in anybody. It is foreshadowing in how the beast will soon come out of the boys and start killing one by one. The beast changes from the beginning because it is seen as a thing but then later on they started to realize that the beast is within all of us. The beast cant be killed because it is in every single one of us. The beast is, literally a man that is not what Simon means when he says that it is only us. He is talking about the beast being the darkness that is inside each and every one of us. If this is true, then, as the Lord of the Flies later says, it is crazy to think that the beast is something you could hunt and kill. If it is inside all of us, not only can we not hunt it, we can never see it, never give it form and never defeat it. When Simon has his scene with the pigs head, the Lord of the Flies says to him, Im the beast. This makes simons other words true; you cannot hunt and kill the beast, because they have already hunted and killed the pig and it is still talking to you. Even later, when Ralph smashes the skull, makes the smile bigger, now six feet across as it lies grinning at the sky. This thing just will not die, and it torments Ralph so much, because it knows all the answers and wont tell. The boys are afraid of the beast, but only Simon realizes that they fear the beast because it exists within each of them. As the boys grow more savage, their belief in the beast grows stronger. By the end of the novel, the boys are leaving it and treating it as a some what god. The boys behavio r is what brings the beast into their lives because they are so savage. The more savagely the boys act, the more real the beast seems to become. Another symbol that is the presented in the middle of the book is the lord of the flies. The lord of the flies is the main theme of the book, hence the title. The lord of the flies is the head of the pig that the boys killed and chopped up. The Lord of the Flies is the bloody, severed sows head that Jack impales on a stake in the forest glade as an offering to the beast. They stuck the head on a stick and left it there for the so-called beast to come eat it. The lord of the flies symbolizes the devil or satan. The actions that the boys did to kill the pig was the last action that truly turned them to savages. That was the most savage thing they could have done. Simon has a discussion with the lord of the flies and it tells him that the beast cannot be killed and it lurks within all of us. This complicated symbol becomes the most important symbol in the novel when Simon confronts the cows head in the forest and it seems to speak to him, telling him that evil lies within every human he art and promising to have some fun with him. (This fun foreshadows Simons death in the next chapter.) In this way, the Lord of the Flies becomes both a physical picture of the beast, a symbol of the power of evil, and a kind of Satan figure who makes the beast come out within each human being. Looking at the book in the sense of the bible, the Lord of the Flies resembles the devil, just as Simon resembles Jesus. The name Lord of the Flies is a translation of the name of the biblical name Beelzebub, which is a powerful demon in hell that is sometimes thought to be the devil. The boys, have truly, been deprived of their innocence. They have witnessed that deep down inside there is a dangerous beast lurking there. The symbols help to show how the innocence is lost and how things have changed in their society. Golding is foreshadowing our lives. Slowly and slowly, we will become more and more uncivilized and the beast will come out and transform our faces and personality. The change in the symbols of the book shows the slow decline of civilization and the gradual increase of the savageness and the beast manifesting from within the boys.

Pearl Harbor :: essays research papers

PEARL HARBOR AMERICA ENTERS THE WAR   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  December 7, 1941, â€Å"A date that will live in infamy,† was the name that our President gave the worst military attack ever on United States soil, Pearl Harbor. It all started in May 1940, when Japan sent Kiichi Gunji to the newest Pacific Battle Ship Port. We chose to read this book because we both are interested in Pearl Harbor and the new movie about it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A major incident in the book Pearl Harbor was how the Japanese got all of the information it needed to attack the United States. They came over by a cruse ship from Japan to Hawaii and went around Hawaii like tourists. Yoshikawa and Mikami was the main spy who went around the island in a taxi with the driver named Kotoshirodo. They spied from several spots but liked the pier at Pearl City the best. He liked it so much because he could see the Pearl Harbor and the naval air strips on Ford Island from there. He went every so often so he did not make anyone too suspicious and also made sure he never went in the same clothing each time he went. He sent all the information he gathered and sent it back to Japan to be looked over. These spies where a major part of the story and the way the book ended. Another major event in this story is when the author talked about Yamamoto’s Operation Hawaii and all the problems with them. In February 1941, Commander Minoru Genda was assigned to Yamamoto’s Operation Hawaii. His comment was the plan was difficult but not impossible; but he turned down a lot of Yamamoto’s idea. Some ideas he didn’t keep were: the plans would take off from carriers about 500 miles from Hawaii. They would not have enough gas to make the trip there and back to the carrier ships, so Yamamoto’s plans to fly towards the carriers until their gas ran out and ditch in the Pacific, was scrapped. Genda wrote up a new plan that had the attack starts at dawn and should be a total surprise. Carriers would refuel at sea at Midway Island, and the planes would drop torpedo, dive, and high-level bombing on the United States ship and planes. Pearl Harbor :: essays research papers PEARL HARBOR AMERICA ENTERS THE WAR   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  December 7, 1941, â€Å"A date that will live in infamy,† was the name that our President gave the worst military attack ever on United States soil, Pearl Harbor. It all started in May 1940, when Japan sent Kiichi Gunji to the newest Pacific Battle Ship Port. We chose to read this book because we both are interested in Pearl Harbor and the new movie about it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A major incident in the book Pearl Harbor was how the Japanese got all of the information it needed to attack the United States. They came over by a cruse ship from Japan to Hawaii and went around Hawaii like tourists. Yoshikawa and Mikami was the main spy who went around the island in a taxi with the driver named Kotoshirodo. They spied from several spots but liked the pier at Pearl City the best. He liked it so much because he could see the Pearl Harbor and the naval air strips on Ford Island from there. He went every so often so he did not make anyone too suspicious and also made sure he never went in the same clothing each time he went. He sent all the information he gathered and sent it back to Japan to be looked over. These spies where a major part of the story and the way the book ended. Another major event in this story is when the author talked about Yamamoto’s Operation Hawaii and all the problems with them. In February 1941, Commander Minoru Genda was assigned to Yamamoto’s Operation Hawaii. His comment was the plan was difficult but not impossible; but he turned down a lot of Yamamoto’s idea. Some ideas he didn’t keep were: the plans would take off from carriers about 500 miles from Hawaii. They would not have enough gas to make the trip there and back to the carrier ships, so Yamamoto’s plans to fly towards the carriers until their gas ran out and ditch in the Pacific, was scrapped. Genda wrote up a new plan that had the attack starts at dawn and should be a total surprise. Carriers would refuel at sea at Midway Island, and the planes would drop torpedo, dive, and high-level bombing on the United States ship and planes.

From Boy to Man in Flight, by John Steinbeck and The Bear by William Faulkner :: Faulkner Bear Essays

From Boy to Man in Flight, by John Steinbeck and The Bear by William Faulkner Flight, by John Steinbeck and The Bear by William Faulkner were both stories that dealt with the journey from boyhood to manhood. They were alike in many ways, a particularly interesting way was that in both stories, the journey to becoming a man was assisted by others, but ultimately it fell on the lone boy becoming a man on his own. The two boys in the story became men, but in two very different ways. In Flight Pepe is forced to make the transition to manhood as a result of his killing a man. He has to face up to the consequences of his actions, and he becomes a man by facing up to his actions. In The Bear, Faulkner portrays the journey to manhood as a less traumatic experience. The boy in the story hears about the legend of the great Bear, and is consumed by a boyhood longing to become a "man" by killing the Bear. His journies through the woods and his proficiency as a woodsmen are metaphor's Faulkner presents as an allegorical representation of a persons journey through life, exp eriencing and mastering the different skills within the "journey". When the boy has finally become wise enough to confront the Bear, he realizes that what the Bear stands for is far more important than his killing of the Bear ever could be. He realizes that anyone could attack the Bear and kill it, but in the restraint of the boyhood urge for glory and respect he finds that he has preserved these virtues in himself and the Bear as well. Steinbeck and Faulkner both portray the defining point of manhood as the point at which a boy must decide between restraining the urge to grasp the respect associated with manhood or grasping for that respect at any cost. Pepe grabbed for the respect when his manhood was challenged, he killed a man, and had to admit he was wrong before he could become a man. The boy from The Bear on the other hand chose not to grab for the respect and glory of manhood when he decided not to shoot the bear, and became a man as a result of that decision.

McDonalds Corporation Essay -- GCSE Business Marketing BTEC Coursewor

Advertising Advertising is a highly specialised area of marketing. It includes researching and developing television and radio commercials and print advertisements, as well as the planning and execution of buying media. McDonald's advertising focuses on two key areas: 1. Promotional advertising 2. Brand advertising Promotional Advertising Promotional advertising gives people a new reason to visit McDonald's or to try McDonald's for the first time. McDonald's Marketing researches, designs, plans and implements great new offers such as novelty burgers, games, premiums and Happy Meals which offer great value and new taste sensations. Brand Advertising Brand advertising promotes and enhances the personality of our brand and builds a relationship with our customers. Brand advertising doesn't simply sell food or products. It reflects the ways our different customers experience McDonald's. Our promotional and brand advertising are designed to complement each other and keep McDonald's at the top of our customers' minds. Public relations Public relations programs keep our customers informed about a wide range of McDonald's-related issues. We achieve this by working with the media to communicate McDonald's position on a range of topics including employment, the environment, nutrition, education and training. We also work with the media to educate people about developments within McDonald's, ranging from new store openings to the addition of a Playland at a local restaurant or an outstanding young crew person receiving an award. Giving something back to the community is not only good public relations but good business. Our public relations programs also provide opportunities to develop positive relationships with schools, community groups, recreational centres, businesses and all types of special interest groups. Public relations not only means making sure the public knows what's going on, but also ensuring everyone within McDonald's is aware of developments in the company. Internal communication with all McDonald's employees is therefore a major part of our public relations programs. Effective and innovative marketing has positioned and secured McDonald's leadership in the quick service restaurant industry. In order to maintain that position we ensure that every restaurant in our system is involved with... ...mpany will launch a new advertising campaign, "We love to see you smile." The campaign, developed by DDB Chicago, brings to life the customer-focused initiatives being implemented at McDonald's nationwide. Several of the commercials feature actual McDonald's restaurant crew employees to give customers a perspective from the people who work at McDonald's everyday. Additionally, Hispanic and African-American advertising was created and developed by del Rivero Messianu in Miami and Burrell Advertising in Chicago, respectively. Spots begin airing nationally on June 30. "This campaign was created in a spirit of unprecedented collaboration with our owner/operators and our agencies," said Larry Zwain, senior vice president of marketing for McDonald's USA. "Our goal was to create ads in the tradition of the best McDonald's advertising and capture the energy and excitement that embodies McDonald's today." McDonald's is the world's largest and best-known global food service retailer, with more than 27,000 restaurants serving more than 43 million people a day in 119 countries. Approximately 80 percent of McDonald's global restaurants are owned and operated by independent franchisees.

Problems with Drinking and driving Essay

Driving under the influence, driving while intoxicated, drunken driving, drunk driving, operating under the influence, drinking and driving, or impaired driving is the crime of driving a motor vehicle while impaired by alcohol or other drugs including those prescribed by physicians. In the case of alcohol, a drunk driver’s level of intoxication is typically determined by a measurement of blood alcohol content or BAC. A BAC measurement in excess of a specific threshold level, such as 0.05% or 0.08%, defines the criminal offense with no need to prove impairment. In some jurisdictions, there is an aggravated category of the offense at a higher BAC level, such as 0.12%. In most countries, anyone who is convicted of injuring or killing someone while under the influence of alcohol or other drugs can be heavily fined in addition to being given a lengthy prison sentence. In the United States, DUI and alcohol-related crashes produce an estimated $45 billion in damages every year. In some U.S. and German studies BAC level 0.01-0.03% predicted a lower crash risk than BAC 0%, Blood alcohol content With the advent of a scientific test for blood alcohol content, enforcement regimes moved to pinning culpability for the offense to strict liability based on driving while having more than a prescribed amount of blood alcohol, although this does not preclude the simultaneous existence of the older subjective tests. BAC is most conveniently measured as a simple percent of alcohol in the blood by weight. Research shows an exponential increase of the relative risk for a crash with a linear increase of BAC as shown in the illustration. BAC does not depend on any units of measurement. In Europe it is usually expressed as milligrams of alcohol per 100 milliliters of blood. However, 100 milliliters of blood weighs essentially the same as 100 milliliters of water, which weighs precisely 100 grams. Thus, for all practical purposes, this is the same as the simple dimensionless BAC measured as a percent. The per mille measurement, which is equal to ten times the percentage value, is used in Den mark, Germany, Finland, Norway and Sweden. The validity of the testing equipment/methods and mathematical relationships for the measurement of breath and blood alcohol have been criticized. Driving while consuming alcohol may be illegal within a jurisdiction. In some it is illegal for an open container of an alcoholic beverage to be in the passenger compartment of a motor vehicle or  in some specific area of that compartment. There have been cases of drivers being convicted of a DUI when they were not observed driving after being proven in court they had been driving while under the influence. In the case of an accident, insurance may be automatically declared invalid, i.e. the drunk driver is fully responsible for damages. Within the American system, citation for driving under the influence also causes a major spike in car insurance premiums—94.1% in the first year, and still 63.5% higher by the third year. The German model serves to reduce the number of accidents by identifying unfit drivers and removing them from until their fitness to drive has been established again. The Medical Psychological Assessment works for a prognosis of the fitness for drive in future, has an interdisciplinary basic approach and offers the chance of individual rehabilitation to the offender. George Smith, a London Taxi cab driver, ended up being the first person to be convicted of driving while intoxicated, on September 10, 1897. He was fined 25 shillings, which is . BAC and risks Studies show that a high BAC increases the risk of accidents whereas it is not clear of a BAC of 0.01%-0.05% slightly increases or decreases the risk. One study suggests that already a BAC of 0.04-0.05% would slightly increase the risk whereas some studies suggest that a BAC of 0.01-0.04% would slightly lower the risk, possibly due to the drivers being more cautious. Both the influential study by Borkenstein et al. and the empirical German data on the 1990s demonstrated that the risk of accident is lower or the same for drivers with a BAC of 0.04% or less than for drivers with a BAC of 0%. For a BAC of 0.15% the risk is 25-fold. The 0.08% BAC limit in Germany and the limits in many other countries were set based on the study by Borkenstein et al. Wuerzburg University researchers showed that all extra accidents caused by alcohol were due to at least 0.06% BAC, 96% of them due to BAC above 0.08%, and 79% due to BAC above 0,12%. In their study based on the 1990s German data, the effect of alcohol was higher for almost all BAC levels than in Borkenstein et al. Also in the Grand Rapids study by Alsop, 0.01-0.03% BAC lead to a mere 80%-96% crash risk, possibly due to extra caution. Many employers or occupations have their own rules and BAC limits; for example, the United States Federal Railroad Administration has a 0.04%  limit for train crew. Certain large corporations have their own rules; for example, Union Pacific Railroad has their own BAC limit of 0.02% that, if violated during a random test or a for-cause test—for example, after a traffic accident—can result in termination of employment with no chance of future re-hire. Some jurisdictions have multiple levels of BAC for different categories of drivers; for example, the state of California has a general 0.08% BAC limit, a lower limit of 0.04% for commercial operators, and a limit of 0.01% for drivers who are under 21 or on probation for pr evious DUI offenses. Many states in the U.S. and the Federal government of Canada have adopted truth in sentencing laws that enforce strict guidelines on sentencing, differing from previous practice where prison time was reduced or suspended after sentencing had been issued. Some jurisdictions have judicial guidelines requiring a mandatory minimum sentence. DUI convictions can result in multi-year jail terms and other penalties ranging from expensive fees to forfeiture of one’s license plates and vehicle. Some jurisdictions require that drivers convicted of DUI offenses use special license plates that are easily distinguishable from regular plates. These plates are known in popular parlance as â€Å"party plates† or â€Å"whiskey plates†. The specific criminal offense may be called, depending on the jurisdiction, driving under the influence, driving under the influence of intoxicants, driving while intoxicated, â€Å"operating vehicle under the influence of alcohol or other drugsâ⠂¬ , operating under the influence operating while intoxicated, operating a motor vehicle while intoxicated, driving under the combined influence of alcohol and/or other drugs, driving under the influence per se or drunk in charge . Many such laws apply also to motorcycling, boating, piloting aircraft, use of motile farm equipment such as tractors and combines, riding horses or driving a horse-drawn vehicle, or bicycling, possibly with different BAC level than driving. In some jurisdictions there are separate charges depending on the vehicle used, such as BWI, which may carry a lighter sentence. In the United States, local law enforcement agencies made 1,467,300 arrests nationwide for driving under the influence of alcohol in 1996, compared to 1.9 million such arrests during the peak year in 1983. In 1997 an estimated 513,200 DWI offenders were in prison or jail, down from 593,000 in 1990 and up from 270,100 in 1986. Drunk in charge  In British law it is a criminal offence to be drunk in charge of a motor vehicle. The definition depends on such things being in or near the vehicle, and having access to a means of starting the vehicle’s engine and driving it away. Health care, working, and prescription drugs If a worker who drives has a health condition which can be treated with opioids, then that person’s doctor should be told that driving is a part of the worker’s duties and the employer should be told that the worker could be treated with opioids. Workers should not use impairing substances while driving or operating heavy machinery like forklift trucks or cranes. If the worker is to drive, then the health care provider should not give them opioids. If the worker is to take opioids, then their employer should assign them work which is appropriate for their impaired state and not encourage them to use safety sensitive equipment.

Book and Grade Level Essay

Tuesday Hats ON for reading material tire your deary hat to show your education spirit. Wednesday Reading Takes You Places Dress like a Tourist. Name that Book Trivia both hour an excerpt from a prevail will be read oer the intercom and classrooms will have the probability to guess the sustain. Thursday Reading BRIGHTENS your conception Dress in bright colors. Friday wear thin your shades for SURFF day Silent, Uninterrupted Reading For Fun Each array take will determine how they choose to enrol in Literacy Week.Here are whatsoever suggestions of course your grade level squad can come up with your consume ideas * Decorate the outside of your door with your best-loved(a) take hold or literary characters. The fury is on educatee participation and scholarly person decorated doors. * Book Talks. Students can have through Book Talk reviews for books they are reading. * lawsuit Museums. Students can create posters of a book character with baptismal font cut-ou ts. The student places their face in the opening and holds the poster up to create a character museum.Visitors rub the museum and travel from character to character knowledge about individually book. * Book, Blankets and Bears Students bring their favorite blanket, and stuffed animal to read outside during the day. * poesy in your Pocket Students create a poem and recite them to each otherwise throughout the day. * The Book Swap Students bring in a gently employ book to swap with another student in their class or grade level. * Readers Theater.* Book cosmic string Students fill out a parapraxis of paper with a title of each book they read during celebrate literacy week. * bookmarker decorating contest * Create a book jacket. Use paper bags to make a new book cover for a library book. Mrs. Ward will dedicate them on display. * Story mobile to novelise a favorite book. * Tri-oramas representing the beginning, middle and sack of a story. * Character dress up day. Dress u p as your favorite book character. * Book Buddy cooperative activities.

Five Types of Organization Structures

Every makeup, to be effective, must discombobulate a anatomical social organization. An organization grammatical construction is the setup that determines the hierarchy and reporting anatomical social system in an organization. It is often represented by a picture known as an organizational chart. There argon different types of organizational social organisations that companies follow, depending on a renewing of factors like leadership style, type of organization, geographical regions, engagement flow and hierarchy. Organizations may choose from a fargon of common operating structures.One popular structure is the functional organization, where the company is divided into disunite units found on role, such as accounting, market placeing, research and teaching or distribution. The functional structure offers a human action of potential proceedss as well as disadvantages. An advantage of a functional organizational structure is that it offers a high level of speciali zation. Each unit operates as a type of self-contained mini-company, charged with carrying disclose its specific role.A worker who is an expert in his functional area can coiffe tasks with a high level of speed and efficiency, which enhances productivity. While specialised units within the functional structure often perform with a high level of efficiency, they may be possessed of difficulty working well with other units. another(prenominal) potential disadvantage of the functional organization structure is that it can pose a challenge for expire management to maintain control as the organization expands. If the company expands into new geographic areas, maintaining control of and managing the separate functions can be even more of a challenge.Kenexa, an IBM Company, provides employment and retention solutions to assist organizations in hiring and retentiveness workers. Kenexa is a SAAS, software as a avail company, and utilizes a functional structure. Market structure is app ly to group employees on the basis of the specific market the company sells in. A company could have fin different markets they use and according to this structure, each would be a separate division. Some merits of this structure are that employees can communicate with customers in the local delivery and they are available for the customers, if need is felt.Demerits include intensive competition among the employees decision-making can cause conflicts and difficulty to find the productivity and efficiency of employees. Product-based structures allow companies to remain compromising in the art environment. This allows the company to add or remove structure sections as necessary. However, it can remove companies from achieving company-wide goals since each unit operates on its own. A prosperous company that uses a Market organizational structure as well as a Product-based structure is Microsoft. Farber, 2013) One advantage of a Matrix structure is better coordination and control this structure is very much suitable to coordinate and control the functional activities and discombobulate activities. Most importantly, employees from various functional areas work infra the spirit of team and make the project successful. team up effort is made. On the other hand, Matrix organizational structure involves huge overhead cost, has problems of overspecialization and is difficult to balance. GE is an example of a company that uses the matrix structure approach.In a geographic structure, large organizations have offices at different places, for example, there could be a north zone, south zone, west zone and eastmost zone. Advantages are better communication among the employees at the said(prenominal) location and locals are familiar with the local business environment and can cater to geographical and heathenish differences. A successful company with this structure is Ports America, headquartered in the NE with operations throughout both coasts and part region ally.ReferencesFarber, D. (2013, July 12). Steve Ballmer remakes Microsoft one more time. Retrieved from http//news.cnet.com/8301-10805_3-57593289-75/steve-ballmer-remakes-microsoft-one-more-time/?part=rss&tag= fecundate&subj= (n.d.). Retrieved from http//www.kenexa.com/(n.d.). Retrieved from http//www.portsamerica.com/about.html http//www.ge.com/pdf/company/ge_organization_chart.pdf Hill, C. (n.d.). Strategic management theory.